A new purple sulfur bacterium from stratified freshwater lakes, Amoebobacter purpureus sp. nov.

Eichler, Barbara; Pfennig, Norbert

doi:10.1007/bf00425577

Cited by 74 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In contrast, the average N-based doubling time for C. clathratiforme (45 days) substantially exceeded the C-based growth rates, indicating that this anaerobic phototroph may indeed deposit C-rich storage products. The observed doubling times for all 3 species were significantly longer than those (0.5-1.5 days) reported for pure cultures of green and purple sulfur bacteria grown under ideal laboratory conditions (27)(28)(29) but were within the range (0.3-125 d) (20) of doubling times estimated from bulk in situ measurements of biomass or CO 2 fixation (20,30,31). Intriguingly, the C-and N-based doubling times (7 and 8 days) for bulk biomass from the Lake Cadagno chemocline were comparable with the doubling times for C. okenii and L. purpurea and substantially shorter than the doubling time for C. clathratiforme (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 56%

A single-cell view on the ecophysiology of anaerobic phototrophic bacteria

Musat

Halm

Winterholler

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

391

421

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Quantitative information on the ecophysiology of individual microorganisms is generally limited because it is difficult to assign specific metabolic activities to identified single cells. Here, we develop and apply a method, Halogen In Situ HybridizationSecondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy (HISH-SIMS), and show that it allows simultaneous phylogenetic identification and quantitation of metabolic activities of single microbial cells in the environment. Using HISH-SIMS, individual cells of the anaerobic, phototropic bacteria Chromatium okenii, Lamprocystis purpurea, and Chlorobium clathratiforme inhabiting the oligotrophic, meromictic Lake Cadagno were analyzed with respect to H 13 CO3 ؊ and 15 NH4 ؉ assimilation. Metabolic rates were found to vary greatly between individual cells of the same species, showing that microbial populations in the environment are heterogeneous, being comprised of physiologically distinct individuals. Furthermore, C. okenii, the least abundant species representing Ϸ0.3% of the total cell number, contributed more than 40% of the total uptake of ammonium and 70% of the total uptake of carbon in the system, thereby emphasizing that numerically inconspicuous microbes can play a significant role in the nitrogen and carbon cycles in the environment. By introducing this quantification method for the ecophysiological roles of individual cells, our study opens a variety of possibilities of research in environmental microbiology, especially by increasing the ability to examine the ecophysiological roles of individual cells, including those of less abundant and less active microbes, and by the capacity to track not only nitrogen and carbon but also phosphorus, sulfur, and other biological element flows within microbial communities.anaerobic phototrophs ͉ nanoSIMS

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 56%

A single-cell view on the ecophysiology of anaerobic phototrophic bacteria

Musat

Halm

Winterholler

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

391

421

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“…As described in detail previously (26), phototrophic sulfur bacteria were initially enriched in liquid medium containing 0. 5 g KH 2 (10). The medium was reduced with 0.3 g liter Ϫ1 Na 2 S · 9H 2 O (1.10 mM final concentration) and adjusted to a pH around 7.2 or 6.8 for Chromatiaceae (33) and Chlorobiaceae (23), respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Enrichments in liquid medium were resuspended in 5 ml liquid medium before inoculation into agar shake dilution series (1%, vol/vol) prepared by the Hungate technique (27,36). All cultures were incubated at room temperature (20 to 23°C) with a 6 h light/6 h dark photoperiod at light intensities of 4 to 8 and 5 to 20 E m Ϫ2 s Ϫ1 for Chlorobiaceae and Chromatiaceae, respectively, generated with an incandescent 40-W bulb placed at a distance of 60 cm from the cultures (10). Enrichments and resuspended colonies of the agar shake dilution series were analyzed for target organisms by in situ hybridization with Cy3-labeled oligonucleotide probes listed in Table 1 (31,32).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hybridizations were performed in 9 l of hybridization buffer (0.9 M NaCl, 20 mM Tris-HCl, 5 mM EDTA, 0.01% sodium dodecyl sulfate [SDS]; pH 7.2) in the presence of 10 to 40% formamide depending on the probe (Table 1), 1 l of the probe (25 ng l Ϫ1 ), and 1 l of a solution of DAPI (4Ј,6Ј-diamidino-2-phenylindole; 200 ng l Ϫ1 ) at 46°C for 2 h (37). After hybridization, the slides were washed in buffer containing 20 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.2; 10 mM EDTA; 0.01% SDS; and either 450, 318, 159, 112, 80, or 56 mM NaCl depending on the formamide concentration during hybridization (10,20,25,30,35, and 40%, respectively) for 20 min at 48°C. They were subsequently rinsed with distilled water and air dried (37).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-Term Population Dynamics of Phototrophic Sulfur Bacteria in the Chemocline of Lake Cadagno, Switzerland

Tonolla

Peduzzi

Hahn

2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Population analyses in water samples obtained from the chemocline of crenogenic, meromictic Lake Cadagno, Switzerland, in October for the years 1994 to 2003 were studied using in situ hybridization with specific probes. During this 10-year period, large shifts in abundance between purple and green sulfur bacteria and among different populations were obtained. Purple sulfur bacteria were the numerically most prominent phototrophic sulfur bacteria in samples obtained from 1994 to 2001, when they represented between 70 and 95% of the phototrophic sulfur bacteria. All populations of purple sulfur bacteria showed large fluctuations in time with populations belonging to the genus Lamprocystis being numerically much more important than those of the genera Chromatium and Thiocystis. Green sulfur bacteria were initially represented by Chlorobium phaeobacteroides but were replaced by Chlorobium clathratiforme by the end of the study. C. clathratiforme was the only green sulfur bacterium detected during the last 2 years of the analysis, when a shift in dominance from purple sulfur bacteria to green sulfur bacteria was observed in the chemocline. At this time, numbers of purple sulfur bacteria had decreased and those of green sulfur bacteria increased by about 1 order of magnitude and C. clathratiforme represented about 95% of the phototrophic sulfur bacteria. This major change in community structure in the chemocline was accompanied by changes in profiles of turbidity and photosynthetically available radiation, as well as for sulfide concentrations and light intensity. Overall, these findings suggest that a disruption of the chemocline in 2000 may have altered environmental niches and populations in subsequent years.Lake Cadagno is a crenogenic meromictic lake located in the catchment area of a dolomite vein rich in gypsum in the Piora valley in the southern Alps of Switzerland (46°33ЈN, 8°43ЈE). This lake is characterized by a compact chemocline with high concentrations of sulfate; steep gradients of oxygen, sulfide, and light; and a turbidity maximum that correlates to large numbers of bacteria (up to 10 7 cells ml Ϫ1 ) (5, 21, 31). Molecular methods such as 16S rRNA gene clone library analysis and subsequent in situ hybridization with specific fluorescent probes identified the most abundant bacteria in the chemocline as large-and small-celled purple sulfur bacteria. These accounted for up to 35% of all bacteria (34) and consisted of Chromatium okenii as the only representative of the largecelled purple sulfur bacteria and of four populations related to the genus Lamprocystis that represented the small-celled purple sulfur bacteria (31). Small-celled purple sulfur bacteria were most abundant with two populations accounting for 40 to 80% of the purple sulfur bacteria depending on the season (31). These populations, designated D and F, were not represented by a cultured relative, whereas the remaining populations were identified as Lamprocystis purpurea and Lamprocystis roseopersicina. L. purpurea and L. roseopersicina wer...

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“…In vivo-spectroscopy of water samples taken from 8-10 m and concentrated in the centrifuge indicated the presence of accessory pigments characteristic of phototrophic bacteria: phycoerythrin and phycocyanin (cyanobacteria), okenone (Chromatiaceae: Arnoebobacter purpureus, Eichler and Pfennig (1988)) and Isorenieratene/~-Isorenieratene (brown members of the Chlorobiaceae: Pelodictyon, Pelochrornatium). Epifluorescence microscopy revealed the presence of cyanobacteria by the orange autofluorescence of phycoerythrin (French and Young (1952)).…”

Section: Distribution Of Phytoplankton and Photosynthetic Pigmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of primary productivity and the significance of photosynthetic bacteria in a meromictic kettle lake. Mittlerer Buchensee, West-Germany

Overmann

Tilzer

1989

Aquatic Science

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During 1986 planktonic primary production and controlling factors were investigated in a small (Ao = 11.8-103 m 2, Zmax = 11.5 m) meromictic kettle lake (Mittlerer Buchensee). Annual phytoplankton productivity was estimated to ca 120 gC. m -2. a -t (1,42 tC-lake 1. a-l). The marked thermal stratification of the lake led to irregular vertical distributions of chlorophylla concentrations (Chla) and, to a minor extent, of photosynthesis (Az). Between the depths of 0 to 6m low Chla concentrations (< 7mg. m -3) and comparatively high background light attenuation (kw = 0,525 m -~, 77 % of total attenuation due to gelbstoff and abioseston) was found. As a consequence, light absorption by algae was low (mean value 17,4 %) and self-shading was absent. Because of the small seasonal variation of Chla concentrations, no significant correlation between Chla and areal photosynthesis (ZA) was observed. Only in early summer (June-July) biomass appears to influence the vertical distribution of photosynthesis on a bigger scale. Around 8 m depth, low-light adapted algae and phototrophic bacteria formed dense layers. Due to low ambient irradiances, the contribution of these organisms to total primary productivity was small. Primary production and incident irradiance were significantly correlated with each other (r 2 = 0.68). Although the maximum assimilation number (Popt) showed a clear dependence upon water temperature (Qa0 = 2.31), the latter was of minor importance to areal photosynthesis.

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A new purple sulfur bacterium from stratified freshwater lakes, Amoebobacter purpureus sp. nov.

Cited by 74 publications

References 15 publications

A single-cell view on the ecophysiology of anaerobic phototrophic bacteria

A single-cell view on the ecophysiology of anaerobic phototrophic bacteria

Long-Term Population Dynamics of Phototrophic Sulfur Bacteria in the Chemocline of Lake Cadagno, Switzerland

Control of primary productivity and the significance of photosynthetic bacteria in a meromictic kettle lake. Mittlerer Buchensee, West-Germany

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