A New Proton Model for Low Altitude High Energy Specification

Benchmarking ionizing space environment models

“…Note that a solar cycle inflection is found in the flight data but is rather weak. As OPAL [7] model is solar cycle dependent, an inflection is also found from OPAL cumulated SEUs predictions. AP8 min [1] specification model underestimates the cumulated SEUs by 12.3% while AP9 V1.30.001 Mean and Perturbed mean [4] overestimate the cumulated SEUs by respectively 82% and 72.7%.…”

“…Secondly, trapped electron and proton specification environment models are implemented in the BISE software so that it is convenient to fly any spacecraft in the model of interest. So far, AE8/AP8 min and max [1], AE9/AP9 V1.20.002 and V1.30.001 Mean, Perturbed and Monte-Carlo [4] and the Onera Proton Altitude Low, OPAL, [7] are implemented in the tool. The OPAL specification model can be run for any orbit with altitudes below than 800 km and provides trapped proton fluxes for energies between 40 MeV and 650 MeV.…”

“…It turns out that the OSL DDD measures and those predicted from the ICARE-NG spectrometer measurements are within 12%. AP8 min [1] and OPAL [7] specification models underestimate the OSL DDD by respectively, 11.3% and 9.3% while AP9 Mean V1.30.001 and AP9 Perturbed Mean V1.30.001 median out of 40 scenarios [4] overestimates the OSL DDD by respectively 41.6% and 32.6%.…”

Impact of Earth’s Magnetic Field Secular Drift on the Low-Altitude Proton Radiation Belt From 1900 to 2050

“…In the late 90s' Huston [2] proposed a first high energy trapped proton model where the solar cycle modulation was fully included. In 2014, the Onera Proton Altitude Low (OPAL) model [3] (now part of the Global Radiation Earth ENvironment -GREEN-model) dedicated to altitudes below 800 km was issued to describe the > 80 MeV trapped protons in the Earth's radiation belts [1]. The model accounts for the secular drift of the Earth's main magnetic field based on the International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) data from 1980 to 2012 and for the solar cycle modulation impact of the proton flux.…”

Benchmarking ionizing space environment models

“…It turns out that the OSL DDD measures and those predicted from the ICARE-NG spectrometer measurements are within 10.7%. AP8 min [1] and OPAL [16] specification models underestimate the OSL DDD by respectively, 10.7% and 8.6% while AP9 V1.20.002 Mean [4] overestimates the OSL DDD by 42.2%. …”