A New Preoperative Scoring System to Predict Difficulty of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy and Risk of Conversion to Open Surgery

Preoperative Risk Factors for Conversion from Laparoscopic to Open Cholecystectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…In general, studies were conducted between 1990 and 2019 and published from 1997 to 2021. The majority of studies were retrospective [2][3][4][5]17,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40], while only nine were prospective [1,[41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48]. The study conducted by Goonawardena and colleagues reported both retrospective and prospective data [49].…”

“…The study conducted by Goonawardena and colleagues reported both retrospective and prospective data [49]. A total of four studies were conducted in Turkey [30,31,37,41], four in in United States [17,33,36,43], three studies in India [45,47,48], two in Japan [21,29], two in Australia [26,49], two in the United Kingdom [40,44], two in Poland [3,42], and two in Ireland [32,35]. Only one study was conducted in Mexico [5], Lebanon [4], Greece [23], Pakistan [25], Egypt [2], Thailand [1], Netherlands [27], China [28], Singapore [34], Iraq [46], Pakistan [38], Saudi-Arabia [39], and Iran [24].…”

“…Some studies investigated the impact of gallbladder (GB) thickness > 4 mm in conversion [1,2,17,[24][25][26][27][28][29][30][32][33][34]38,40,41,44,45,[47][48][49], while Raman et al analyzed the different sizes of thickness in relation to conversion rate [36]. It has been well-established that the analysis of the various dimensions of GB at ultrasound is crucial during the dissection of GB.…”