A new porcine vascularized tibial bone allotransplantation model. Anatomy and surgical technique

Kotsougiani, Dimitra; Willems, J. H. B. M.; Shin, Alexander Y.; Friedrich, Patricia F.; Hundepool, Caroline A.; Bishop, Allen T.

doi:10.1002/micr.30255

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…However, there is high similarity between pig bone and human bone in terms of bone anatomy, shape, and composition [ 18 ]. Kotsougiani et al [ 19 ] dissected the hindlimbs of 8 pigs and collected data on the source, length, and caliber of nutrient arteries in their tibias. The results they reported were highly similar to those derived from human tibias dissected by Anetai et al [ 9 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Method for generating transparent porcine tibia showing the intraosseous artery

et al. 2022

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Background The occurrence of nonunion after tibial fracture surgery is mainly related to insufficient blood supply. Therefore, anatomical study of the internal and external tibial artery is very important, but there is no good method for displaying the intraosseous artery clearly and intuitively. This hinders the protection and reconstruction of it by surgeons, as well as the development of new instruments and techniques by researchers. Objective To develop a transparent specimen that could clearly display the intraosseous artery of the tibia. Methods In 10 isolated pig calves with popliteal vessels, the popliteal artery was exposed and a tube was placed. A casting agent was then injected at constant pressure, and the tissue around the blood vessel was preliminarily removed after solidification. The perivascular tissue and periosteum were further removed via alkali corrosion, and the tibia was fixed with an external fixator to protect the non-corrosive areas at both ends. Alternate acid corrosion and flushing were then applied until the intraosseous artery was completely exposed. The distribution and branches of intraosseous nutrient arteries were observed with the naked eye and via microscopy. Three-dimensional (3D) scanning and 3D printing filling techniques were used to make transparent tibia specimens with preservation of intraosseous arteries. Results A cast specimen of the intraosseous artery of porcine tibia was successfully generated via epoxy resin perfusion combined with acid–alkali etching, and the intraosseous artery was clearly visible. The 3D printing and filling technique successfully produced a transparent tibia specimen with preservation of internal bone arteries, and accurately restored the external shape of the tibia. The foramen of the nutrient artery appeared near the middle upper third of the lateral edge of the tibia. After entering the tibia, the nutrient artery proceeded forward, medial, and downward for a certain distance, twisted and turned near the midpoint of the medullary cavity, and divided into the ascending and descending branches. After going in the opposite direction for a distance, the ascending trunk sent out 2–3 branches, and the descending trunk sent out 2–3 branches. Conclusion The cast specimen of pig intraosseous artery generated via the above-described perfusion corrosion method provides methodological guidance for the study of anatomical characteristics of the intraosseous artery, and a theoretical basis for the study of new methods of internal fixation and reconstruction of the blood supply of the lower tibia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Method for generating transparent porcine tibia showing the intraosseous artery

et al. 2022

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“…However, there is no evidence or report that the distribution of blood vessels around the tibia in sheep and deer is similar to that in humans, and they may not be of reference signi cance as a specimen in our experiment. Kotsougiani et al [9] studied the anatomy of porcine hind limbs, showing that the porcine tibia is highly similar to the human tibia in terms of anatomy, morphology, and source of nutrient arteries. Although Nurmi et al [10] did not recommend pigs as an alternative experimental specimen for internal screw xation of the tibia by mechanical testing, it does not preclude the consideration of porcine tibia as a suitable alternative model for the study of tibial intraosseous arteries in humans.…”

Section: Selection Of Experimental Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomical Characteristics of the Cast Tibial Intraosseous Artery

Wan

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background Nonunion after tibial fracture is predominantly related to insufficient blood supply. Characterization of the anatomy of the tibial intraosseous artery is necessary to explore and develop therapeutic measures to prevent nonunion. However, quantitative indicators related to the tibial intraosseous artery are currently lacking. This study aimed to prepare pig tibia specimens with exposed intraosseous arteries and use these specimens to examine the anatomical characteristics of tibial intraosseous arteries. Methods Twenty isolated pig right legs with intact blood vessels were used to create cast specimens of the porcine tibia intraosseous artery by the perfusion corrosion method. The course, distribution, and branches of the intraosseous nutrient artery were observed with naked eye and optical microscopy. Intraosseous arteries with a diameter of ≥ 0.3 mm were counted and their diameters were measured using a microscopic ruler. The spatial distribution of each artery branch was determined using a circular protractor and a laser generator, and the obtained data were statistically analyzed. Results Porcine tibial intraosseous artery cast specimens were successfully produced and intraosseous arteries were clearly visible. The internal tibial artery is divided into the main trunk of the ascending and descending branches. The main trunk of the ascending branch sends out two primary branches, and each primary branch sends out 1–3 secondary branches. The branches are connected by communicating branches to form a circular anastomosis and merge into the proximal tibia. The main trunk of the descending branch descends for a certain distance in the medullary cavity and then divides into two primary branches, with each primary branch further dividing into 1–3 tree-like secondary branches that merge into the distal end of the tibia. The number of ascending and descending secondary branches of intraosseous arteries (diameter ≥ 0.3 mm) were 3.5 ± 0.71 and 2.63 ± 0.59, respectively, and the diameters of these branches were 0.56 ± 0.09 and 0.57 ± 0.11 mm, respectively. Conclusion This study quantitatively described the diameter, number, and distribution of pig tibial intraosseous arteries and provides a potential new method to study human tibial intraosseous arteries. Furthermore, these findings provide guidance for safe intraoperative fixation and reconstruction of blood supply to the broken end of the tibia.

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“…In vascularized skin transplants using the NIH/MGH swine, SLA class I mismatching triggered rejection characterized by infiltration of recipient CD8 + T cells, whereas SLA class II mismatching was tolerated (126). Swine allotransplantation models using SLA-mismatched Yucatan miniature pigs have been developed for orthotopic tibial bone (128,129) and limb (130).…”

Section: Vascularized Composite Allograft and Cellular Transplantationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of the Major Histocompatibility Complex (Swine Leukocyte Antigen) in Swine Health and Biomedical Research

Hammer

Andõ

et al. 2020

Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci.

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In pigs, the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), or swine leukocyte antigen (SLA) complex, maps to Sus scrofa chromosome 7. It consists of three regions, the class I and class III regions mapping to 7p1.1 and the class II region mapping to 7q1.1. The swine MHC is divided by the centromere, which is unique among mammals studied to date. The SLA complexspans between 2.4 and 2.7 Mb, depending on haplotype, and encodes approximately 150 loci, with at least 120 genes predicted to be functional. Here we update the whole SLA complex based on the Sscrofa11.1 build and annotate the organization for all recognized SLA genes and their allelic sequences. We present SLA nomenclature and typing methods and discuss the expression of SLA proteins, as well as their role in antigen presentation and immune, disease, and vaccine responses. Finally, we explore the role of SLA genes in transplantation and xenotransplantation and their importance in swine biomedical models.

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A new porcine vascularized tibial bone allotransplantation model. Anatomy and surgical technique

Abstract: We have developed a vascularized tibial bone allotranplantation large-animal model suitable for future bone-only allotranplantation research in mini-pigs.

Cited by 10 publications

References 38 publications

Method for generating transparent porcine tibia showing the intraosseous artery

Method for generating transparent porcine tibia showing the intraosseous artery

Anatomical Characteristics of the Cast Tibial Intraosseous Artery

Importance of the Major Histocompatibility Complex (Swine Leukocyte Antigen) in Swine Health and Biomedical Research

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