A NEW PHYLOGENY FOR CHROMOPHYTE ALGAE USING 16S‐LIKE RRNA SEQUENCES FROMMALLOMONAS PAPILLOSA(SYNUROPHYCEAE) ANDTRIBONEMA AEQUALE(XANTHOPHYCEAE)1

Ariztia, Edgardo V.; Andersen, Robert A.; Sogin, Mitchell L.

doi:10.1111/j.0022-3646.1991.00428.x

Cited by 81 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In this study, the Pelagophyceae are clearly related to the Dictyochophyceae, Pedinellophyceae and Bacillariophyta. Second, previous studies suggested an isolated phylogenetic position for the diatoms (15), whereas our study suggests that they are related to the other reduced-flagellar-apparatus algae. Third, although a relationship between the Dictyochophyceae and Pedinellophyceae was suggested on the basis of ultrastructural features (29), our molecular data and combined data-set analyses provide strong support (bootstrap value = 100) for this relationship.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 69%

“…Yet, despite the size and significance of the group, evolutionary relationships within the chromophytes went unstudied for decades. During the past 8 years this topic has received attention, based either upon traditional data (i.e., morphology, ultrastructure, and photosynthetic pigments) (3, 4, 10-13) or upon gene sequence data (2,(14)(15)(16). Traditional data sets emphasize…”

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confidence: 99%

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Cladistic analyses of combined traditional and molecular data sets reveal an algal lineage.

Saunders

Potter

Paskind

et al. 1995

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The chromophyte algae are a large and biologically diverse assemblage of brown seaweeds, diatoms, and other golden algae classified in 13 taxonomic classes. One subgroup (diatoms, pedinellids, pelagophytes, silicoflagellates, and certain enigmatic genera) is characterized by a highly reduced flagellar apparatus. The flagellar apparatus lacks microtubular and fibrous roots, and the flagellum basal body is attached directly to the nucleus. We hypothesize that the flagellar reduction is the result of a single evolutionary series of events. Cladistic analysis of ultrastructural and biochemical data reveals a monophyletic group that unites all taxa with a reduced flagellar apparatus, supporting our hypothesis. Phylogenetic analyses of 18S rRNA gene sequence data provide strong resolution within most of the major groups of chromophytes but only weakly resolve relationships among those groups. Some of the molecularly based most parsimonious trees, however, also unite the taxa with a reduced flagellar apparatus, although the diatoms are not included in this lineage. This grouping is further supported by a posteriori character weighting of the molecular data, suggesting that flagellar reduction occurred at least twice in parallel evolutionary series of events. To further test our hypothesis of a single evolutionary reduction in the flagellar apparatus, we combine the two data sets and subject the hybrid data matrix to parsimony analysis. The resulting trees unite the diatoms with the other reduced flagellar apparatus algae in a monophyletic group. This result supports our hypothesis of a single evolutionary reduction and indicates the existence of a previously unrecognized lineage of algae characterized by a highly reduced flagellar apparatus. Further, this study suggests that the traditional classification of the diatoms with the chrysophytes and xanthophytes in the division (= phylum) Chrysophyta, as presented in most textbooks, is unsatisfactory and that a significantly different classification should be employed.The chromophyte algae are a biologically diverse group consisting of an estimated one million living species representing 13 taxonomic classes (1, 2) that have phylogenetic affinities to some aquatic fungi and zooflagellates (3-5). Ecologically, the marine planktonic chromophytes (e.g., diatoms, haptophytes, and pelagophytes) account for -50% of oceanic primary production (6, 7) and marine phytoplankton in toto account for up to 40% of the global primary production (8, 9). Yet, despite the size and significance of the group, evolutionary relationships within the chromophytes went unstudied for decades. During the past 8 years this topic has received attention, based either upon traditional data (i.e., morphology, ultrastructure, and photosynthetic pigments) (3, 4, 10-13) or upon gene sequence data (2,(14)(15)(16). Traditional data sets emphasizeThe publication costs of this article were defrayed in part by page charge payment. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance ...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 69%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cladistic analyses of combined traditional and molecular data sets reveal an algal lineage.

Saunders

Potter

Paskind

et al. 1995

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…1), is confirmed : both groups share a common ancestry highly supported by bootstrap analysis (BP 99 %). The close relationship between xanthophytes and phaeophytes, as previously suggested on the basis of rRNA data (Ariztia et al, 1991 ;Bhattacharya et al, 1992 ;Leipe et al, 1994 ;Saunders et al, 1995 ;Van de Peer & De Wachter, 1997a ;Van der Auwera et al, 1997) is also confirmed (BP 96 %). On the basis of the concatenated sequence alignment, also the chysophytes (represented here solely by Ochromonas danica) and the eustigmatophytes (here represented by Nannochloropsis salina) seem to be sister taxa, highly supported by bootstrap analysis.…”

supporting

confidence: 79%

“…On the basis of the SSU rRNA, the phylogenetic relationships between the different taxa that belong to the so-called heterokont algae cannot be deduced unequivocally (Ariztia et al, 1991 ;Andersen et al, 1993Andersen et al, , 1998Andersen et al, , 1999Potter et al, 1997 ;Lavau et 1997 ; Saunders et al, 1995Saunders et al, , 1997Bailey et al, 1998 ;Van de Peer & De Wachter, 1997a ;Van de Peer et al, 2000a). Therefore, we determined the complete or nearly complete LSU rRNA sequences of several species for which the SSU rRNA sequence was already known.…”

Section: Phylogenetic Relationships Within the Heterokont Algaementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The heterokont algae are thus a diverse assemblage of many different smaller groups of algae. The evolutionary relationships between these different groups have been widely studied on the basis of SSU rRNA sequences (Ariztia et al, 1991 ;Bhattacharya et al, 1992 ;Andersen et al, 1993 ;Bhattacharya & Medlin, 1995 ;Saunders et al, 1995Saunders et al, , 1997Cavalier-Smith et al, 1995 ;Cavalier-Smith & Chao, 1996 ;Van de Peer et al, 1996b), although classifications have been based upon ultrastructural and biochemical observations (Andersen, 1991 ;Williams, 1991a, b). Furthemore, it seems that the heterokont algae, as a group, are most closely related to certain heterotrophic phyla such as oomycetes and hyphochytriomycetes (Forster et al, 1990 ;Bhattacharya et al, 1991Bhattacharya et al, , 1992Cavalier-Smith et al, 1994b ;Leipe et al, 1994Leipe et al, , 1996Van der Auwera et al, 1995) and form together the Heterokonta (Cavalier-Smith et al, 1994b) or the stramenopiles (Patterson, 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phylogenetic relationships among algae based on complete large-subunit rRNA sequences.

Ali¹,

Baere²,

Auwera³

et al. 2001

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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The complete or nearly complete large-subunit rRNA (LSU rRNA) sequences were determined for representatives of several algal groups such as the chlorarachniophytes, cryptomonads, haptophytes, bacillariophytes, dictyochophytes and pelagophytes. Our aim was to study the phylogenetic position and relationships of the different groups of algae, and in particular to study the relationships among the different classes of heterokont algae. In LSU rRNA phylogenies, the chlorarachniophytes, cryptomonads and haptophytes seem to form independent evolutionary lineages, for which a specific relationship with any of the other eukaryotic taxa cannot be demonstrated. This is in accordance with phylogenies inferred on the basis of the smallsubunit rRNA (SSU rRNA). Regarding the heterokont algae, which form a wellsupported monophyletic lineage on the basis of LSU rRNA, resolution between the different classes could be improved by combining the SSU and LSU rRNA data. Based on a concatenated alignment of both molecules, the phaeophytes and the xanthophytes are sister taxa, as well as the pelagophytes and the dictyochophytes, and the chrysophytes and the eustigmatophytes. All these sister group relationships are highly supported by bootstrap analysis and by different methods of tree construction.Keywords : heterokont algae, cryptophytes, chlorarachniophytes, haptophytes, large-subunit rRNA (LSU rRNA) INTRODUCTIONGenerally, on the basis of pigmentation, three main eukaryotic algal groups have been discerned, namely the chlorophytes or green algae (characterized by the presence of chlorophyll a and b), the rhodophytes or red algae (chlorophyll a and phycobilins), and the chromophytes or yellow-brown algae (chlorophyll a and c, and absence of chlorophyll b). The latter group, which is polyphyletic, is further subdivided into four taxa, namely the cryptophytes, the haptophytes, the dinoflagellates and the heterokont algae, on the basis of pigmentation and plastid ultrastructure, flagellar apparatus and small-subunit rRNA (SSU rRNA). phylogenies (Whatley, 1989 ; Bhattacharya et al., 1992 ;Leipe et al., 1994 ; Cavalier-Smith et al., 1994a ;Medlin et al., 1995).The cryptophytes or cryptomonads (Gillot, 1990) are unicellular biflagellated organisms for which the evolutionary history is unclear and controversial. In previous studies, they have been phylogenetically positioned with chlorobionts (Eschbach et al., 1991), other chromophytes (Cavalier-Smith et al., 1994a), glaucocystophytes (Bhattacharya et al., 1995a ;Ragan & Gutell, 1995 ;Van de Peer et al., 1996a) and Acanthamoeba (McFadden, 1993). The haptophytes or prymnesiophytes (Green et al., 1990) are unicellular flagellate cells, characterized by a filiform organelle associated with the flagella, called the haptonema. Also for this group of organisms, the phylogenetic status is rather unclear (Daugbjerg & Andersen, 1997a ; and references therein). The heterokont algae, also referred to as 'stramenochromes ' (Leipe et al., 1994) and 'Ochrista' (Cavalier-Smith et al., 1994b), consist A....

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A NEW PHYLOGENY FOR CHROMOPHYTE ALGAE USING 16S‐LIKE RRNA SEQUENCES FROMMALLOMONAS PAPILLOSA(SYNUROPHYCEAE) ANDTRIBONEMA AEQUALE(XANTHOPHYCEAE)¹

Cited by 81 publications

References 36 publications

Cladistic analyses of combined traditional and molecular data sets reveal an algal lineage.

Cladistic analyses of combined traditional and molecular data sets reveal an algal lineage.

Phylogenetic relationships among algae based on complete large-subunit rRNA sequences.

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