A new phase of the Cancer Moonshot to end cancer as we know it

Singer, Dinah S.

doi:10.1038/s41591-022-01881-5

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In February 2022, US President Joe Biden set the ambitious goal of reducing the death rate from cancer by at least 50% over the next 25 years 23 . Increasing access to, and uptake of, lung cancer screening (with concomitant access to smoking‐cessation services 25 ) may be vital to ensure a population‐level impact on cancer mortality 23 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absolute lung cancer risk increases among individuals with >15 quit‐years: Analyses to inform the update of the American Cancer Society lung cancer screening guidelines

Landy,

Cheung,

Young

et al. 2023

Cancer

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BackgroundThis report quantifies counteracting effects of quit‐years and concomitant aging on lung cancer risk, especially on exceeding 15 quit‐years, when the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends curtailing lung‐cancer screening.MethodsCox models were fitted to estimate absolute lung cancer risk among Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (PLCO) and National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) participants who ever smoked. Absolute lung cancer risk and gainable years of life from screening for individuals aged 50 to 80 in the US‐representative National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) 2015–2018 who ever smoked were projected. Relaxing USPSTF recommendations to 20/25/30 quit‐years versus augmenting USPSTF criteria with individuals whose estimated gain in life expectancy from screening exceeded 16.2 days according to the Life Years From Screening‐CT (LYFS‐CT) prediction model was compared.ResultsAbsolute lung cancer risk increased by 8.7%/year (95% CI, 7.7%–9.7%; p < .001) as individuals aged beyond 15 quit‐years in the PLCO, with similar results in NHIS and NLST. For example, mean 5‐year lung cancer risk for those aged 65 years with 15 quit‐years = 1.47% (95% CI, 1.35%–1.59%) versus 1.76% (95% CI, 1.62%–1.90%) for those aged 70 years with 20 quit‐years in the PLCO. Removing the quit‐year criterion would make 4.9 million more people eligible and increase the proportion of preventable lung cancer deaths prevented (sensitivity) from 63.7% to 74.2%. Alternatively, augmentation using LYFS‐CT would make 1.7 million more people eligible while increasing the lung cancer death sensitivity to 74.0%.ConclusionsBecause of aging, absolute lung cancer risk increases beyond 15 quit‐years, which does not support exemption from screening or curtailing screening once it has been initiated. Compared with relaxing the USPSTF quit‐year criterion, augmentation using LYFS‐CT could prevent most of the deaths at substantially superior efficiency, while also preventing deaths among individuals who currently smoke with low intensity or long duration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absolute lung cancer risk increases among individuals with >15 quit‐years: Analyses to inform the update of the American Cancer Society lung cancer screening guidelines

Landy,

Cheung,

Young

et al. 2023

Cancer

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“…The federal Cancer Moonshot 29,30 and the National Cancer Institute's (NCI) National Cancer Plan (nationalcancerplan.cancer.gov) initiatives promote a goal of greater than fifty percent reduction in cancer mortality by the year 2050. To achieve these goals, the development of novel therapeutics for rare, difficult to treat, and resistant cancers is imperative.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-EGFR aptamer exhibits direct anti-cancer effects in NSCLC cells harboring EGFR L858R mutations

Thomas,

Awan,

Joshi

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a leading cause of death worldwide. Activating mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain of the oncogene epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are responsible for ~10-50% of all LUAD cases. Although EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been effective in prolonging NSCLC patient survival and quality of life, acquired resistance mechanisms and disease progression are inevitable. Contemporary second- and third-line treatments, such as immunotherapy, remain ineffective for these patients, presenting a clear and unmet need for alternative or adjuvant therapeutics for the treatment of mutant EGFR positive NSCLC. Here we show that an anti-EGFR aptamer (EGFRapt) decreases viability of NSCLC cell lines harboring the L858R ± T790M mutation in EGFR but not cell lines harboring wild-type or exon 19 deletions. In a humanized xenograft mouse model of NSCLC, EGFRapt decreased tumor burden compared to controls when delivered intratumorally over multiple doses. To elucidate the mechanism by which EGFRapt exerts these effects, we monitored cellular processes associated with kinase-dependent and kinase-independent mechanisms and found that the anti-cancer effects of EGFRapt are cell line dependent, inhibiting cellular proliferation in one cell line and inducing cell death in another. Post hoc transcriptomics analysis supported these findings and provided additional mechanistic insights. Overall, these data establish that EGFRapt has direct anti-cancer activity in mutant EGFR positive NSCLC via targetable mechanisms that are independent of existing approaches, and they provide a foundation for further development of nucleic acid-based therapies that target EGFR.

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“…In February 2022, United States (US) President Joe Biden launched the reignited cancer moonshot [1], setting a lofty goal of decreasing cancer deaths by at least 50% in the next 25 years and improving the experience of those living with and surviving cancer [1][2][3][4][5]. This ambitious initiative in collaboration with several others seeks to end cancer as we know it.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Achieving the cancer moonshot in Africa

Adewole¹,

Kobayashi²,

O’Brien³

et al. 2022

ecancer

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For decades now, the United States (US) has been a leading contributor in global health with the government, academic institutions, foundations, non-profits and industry investing and partnering with African countries, as seen with the US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) program. Now as more people survive HIV/AIDs and other infectious diseases in Africa and live longer, non-communicable diseases like cancer are on the rise, in what can be described as a growing health iceberg, hidden under epidemics of infectious diseases. There is now more urgent need for international collaborations on cancer, which has become a leading cause of death in both Africa and the US, underpinned by poignant disparities in access to care. The re-ignited Cancer Moonshot in the USA and publication of the Lancet Oncology Commission report for sub-Saharan Africa in 2022 provide a timely and valuable framework for growing US-Africa collaborations in the coming years towards attaining the goal of the cancer moonshot both in the US and Africa. This goal is to reduce cancer death rate by at least 50% over the next 25 years, and to improve the experience of those living with and surviving cancer. The US-Africa summit taking place in Washington in December 2022 provides a momentous opportunity to identify recommendations or priority areas, some of them included in this article, and initiating action for win-win collaborations towards achieving the cancer moonshot in Africa.

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A new phase of the Cancer Moonshot to end cancer as we know it

Abstract: Improved screening, novel therapies and a focus on health equity can reduce cancer mortality by 50% in the next 25 years, but these must be underpinned by an investment in basic, translational and clinical research, along with open data.

Cited by 20 publications

References 17 publications

Absolute lung cancer risk increases among individuals with >15 quit‐years: Analyses to inform the update of the American Cancer Society lung cancer screening guidelines

Absolute lung cancer risk increases among individuals with >15 quit‐years: Analyses to inform the update of the American Cancer Society lung cancer screening guidelines

Anti-EGFR aptamer exhibits direct anti-cancer effects in NSCLC cells harboring EGFR L858R mutations

Achieving the cancer moonshot in Africa

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