A new organic carbon detector for size exclusion chromatography

Allpike, Bradley; Heitz, Anna; Joll, Cynthia; Kagi, Robert I.

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2007.05.073

Cited by 25 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…It should be noted that SEC with UV detection underestimates saturated aliphatic carboxylic anions, which are known to constitute a significant proportion of the total organic carbon (TOC) in Bayer liquors but are not good absorbers of UV. A solution to this could be to incorporate continuous TOC (or, more strictly, dissolved organic carbon (DOC)) detection as well [30,31], but application of this to Bayer liquors has not yet been reported.…”

Section: Fractionation By Molecular Weight and Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the determination of organic compounds in Bayer process liquors

Power

Loh

Wajon³

et al. 2011

Analytica Chimica Acta

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Bayer process liquors present a difficult and complex matrix to the analytical chemist, and the history of the application of modern analytical techniques to this problem is a case study in innovation. All Bayer process liquors contain organic compounds, in amounts varying from traces to several grams per litre. The total organic carbon content of Bayer liquors may be less than 5 g/L up to as much as 40 g/L. The presence of these organic impurities is of concern to Bayer technologists because they can have significant impacts on the economics of the process and the quality of the product. This review examines the history and current state-of-the-art of the analysis of organics in Bayer process liquors, and provides guidance on the applicable techniques matched to a comprehensive list of the compounds most likely to be present.

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Section: Fractionation By Molecular Weight and Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the determination of organic compounds in Bayer process liquors

Power

Loh

Wajon³

et al. 2011

Analytica Chimica Acta

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“…To solve the problem, freshwater DOM analysis was conducted using a total organic carbon (TOC) detector with UV‐absorbance and persulfate oxidation (Her et al ; Allpike et al ). Only a few studies have used SEC with TOC detectors such as an infrared detector and thin‐film oxidation reactor to evaluate the molecular size distribution of seawater DOM organic carbon (Huber and Frimmel ; Dittmar and Kattner ); these studies played a key role in determining the relationship between molecular size and carbon content of seawater DOM.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification and characterization of coastal dissolved organic matter by high‐performance size exclusion chromatography with ultraviolet absorption, fluorescence, and total organic carbon analyses

Shimotori

Satou

Imai

et al. 2016

Limnology & Ocean Methods

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Molecular size and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) distributions of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in seawater were determined qualitatively and quantitatively by high-performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC). To estimate the relationship between molecular size distribution and the DOC concentration of seawater DOM, seawater was desalinated with an electric dialyzer. The recent technological advancements of desalination make us possible to recover a high percentage of seawater DOM. Surface coastal seawater samples were collected from three locations in Japan: Tokyo Bay, Kashima Port, and Cape Inubo. Samples were evaluated by a chromatography system coupled with ultraviolet (UV) absorbance, fluorescence, and nondispersive infrared total organic carbon detectors in series. Two peaks, 1 (1.24 3 10 5 21.54 3 10 5 Da) and 2 (9.48 3 10 2 21.81 3 10 3 Da), were detected in all sample chromatograms. Peak 1 showed little fluorescence and UV absorption in all samples. It has been shown that carbohydrates, one of the main components of seawater DOM, exhibit almost no fluorescence or UV absorption; thus, Peak 1 could mainly consist of carbohydrates which are usually labile DOM. Total DOC concentrations of the Tokyo Bay, Kashima Port, and Cape Inubo were 1.38, 0.92, and 0.80 mg C L 21 , respectively. Peak 2 accounted for 75-80% of the total DOC and showed a substantial humic-like fluorescence and UV absorption in all samples. These results indicate that the photochemical characteristics of seawater DOM significantly differ depending on its molecular size. Thus, analysis of molecular size with our HPSEC provides a new approach for quantitative and qualitative characterization of seawater DOM.

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“…This is carried out in order to investigate the behaviour of each MW range towards adsorption. Each fraction may be regarded as a component during adsorption enabling a multicomponent adsorption model to be applied [35][36][37]. For fractionation of humic substances and to prepare solutions with specific molecular mass of humic acid, ultrafiltration membranes (Vivaflow 50 obtained from Sartorius Ltd., UK) were used.…”

Section: The Adsorbent and The Adsorbatementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aquatic humic substances were found to have 22.9% of the molecular weight distribution above 10,000 Da and 46.3% below 1000 Da. An aerated groundwater was also found to have a large proportion of its DOC (61%) falling within the range of molecular weight between 4000 and 10,000 Da, although this was justified since groundwater contains more soil-like humic substances than superficial waters [35][36][37]. Figure 4 shows the adsorption of fraction F1 for UV 254 and DOC.…”

Section: Equilibrium Adsorption Isotherms and Mechanisms Of Adsorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of nanoadvanced activated carbon, alumina and ferric adsorbents for humics removal from water: isotherm study

et al. 2020

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The adsorption of humic substances on three different adsorbents was investigated and adsorption isotherms were applied in this research. The three adsorbents studied include granular activated carbon (GAC), ferric oxihydroxide in its beta form (β-FeOOH) and iron-coated activated alumina (AAFS). Physical and chemical characteristics of the adsorbents were also fully investigated. Calcium was added to the HS solution in order to represent water with a hardness equivalent to water hardness typically found in London (UK). The examination of the GAC indicated a large microporous area with lower surface area associated with meso-and macropores. The AAFS and β-FeOOH did not present any microporous area. The overall surface area was high for GAC (980 m 2 g −1) but lower for AAFS (286 m 2 g −1) and β-FeOOH (360 m 2 g −1). The Freundlich isotherm model was fitted to all adsorbent-adsorbate systems. It was shown that GAC offered a large adsorption capacity for removal of low molecular weight humics F1 (MW 0-5 kDa) but not for substances with molecular weight larger than 10 kDa (F3). The β-FeOOH adsorption capacity was only 0.43 mg g −1 , compared with 9.11 and 2.55 mg g −1 on GAC and AAFS, respectively. On the contrary, F1 is not well adsorbed and only F2 (5-10 kDa) can be efficiently removed by AAFS and β-FeOOH. It was strongly suggested that precipitation/condensation occurred on the adsorbent surface.

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A new organic carbon detector for size exclusion chromatography

Cited by 25 publications

References 13 publications

A review of the determination of organic compounds in Bayer process liquors

A review of the determination of organic compounds in Bayer process liquors

Quantification and characterization of coastal dissolved organic matter by high‐performance size exclusion chromatography with ultraviolet absorption, fluorescence, and total organic carbon analyses

Use of nanoadvanced activated carbon, alumina and ferric adsorbents for humics removal from water: isotherm study

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