A new near-infrared phosphorescent iridium(iii) complex conjugated to a xanthene dye for mitochondria-targeted photodynamic therapy

Abstract

Iridium(III) complexes are potent candidates for photodynamic therapy (PDT), but some key drawbacks still hamper clinical translation, such as poor operability in the phototherapeutic window, high dark toxicity, and low...

Near-infrared AIE-active phosphorescent iridium(iii) complex for mitochondria-targeted photodynamic therapy

“…650–750 nm), which is ascribed to the 3 MLCT excited state of the complex. 43 The phosphorescence quantum yield of complex Ir1 in CH 3 CN was determined to be 0.058.…”

Coordination-Regulated Terpyridine–Mn(II) Complexes for Photodynamic Therapy Guided by Multiphoton Fluorescence/Magnetic Resonance Imaging

“…The photodegradation rate of 9,10-anthracenediyl-bis­(methylene)-dimalonic acid (ABDA) was used to evaluate the 1 O 2 generation capacity of FD–Mn–O 2 NO and FD–Mn–FD in PBS (Figures a and S30). Under 808 nm light irradiation (1 W/cm 2 ), the absorption peaks of ABDA in the FD–Mn–FD solution gradually weakened, while remaining unchanged in FD–Mn–O 2 NO , indicating that FD–Mn–FD can produce 1 O 2 at 808 nm light . 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine (TEMP) was added to the target system ( FD–Mn–FD ) to capture 1 O 2 , and electron spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR) was utilized for analysis (Figure b).…”

“…Under 808 nm light irradiation (1 W/cm 2 ), the peaks of ABDA in the FD−Mn−FD solution gradually weakened, while remaining unchanged in FD−Mn− O 2 NO, indicating that FD−Mn−FD can produce 1 O 2 at 808 nm light. 39 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine (TEMP) was added to the target system (FD−Mn−FD) to capture 1 O 2 , and electron spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR) was utilized for analysis (Figure 5b). Characteristic signals of 4-oxo-TEMPO (g = 2.0055, 1:1:1 triplet) under light irradiation (808 nm, 1 W/cm 2 ) for FD−Mn−FD were displayed, indicating that the ability of FD−Mn−FD to generate 1 O 2 under the light trigger.…”

N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Iridium Complexes as Photosensitizers for In Vitro Photodynamic Therapy to Trigger Non-Apoptotic Cell Death in Cancer Cells

“…Most anti-cancer iridium complexes are not designed to target a specific biomolecule in cells, and structure–activity relationships remain unclear. However, phosphorescent iridium complexes, exhibiting intrinsic cationic lipophilicity, mainly target mitochondria and trigger apoptosis [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 ], involving mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP), release of cytochrome c and activation of executioner caspases by mitochondrial ROS. Through structural modifications, iridium complexes can also target other subcellular organelles, such as lysosomes [ 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 ], the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) [ 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 ] or the nucleus [ 56 , 57 ].…”