A new multiple‐band solar radiative parameterization for general circulation models

Freidenreich, S. M.; Ramaswamy, V.

doi:10.1029/1999jd900456

Cited by 143 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…The shortwave radiation [Freidenreich and Ramaswamy, 1999] and longwave radiation [Schwarzkopf and Fels, 1991;Schwarzkopf and Ramaswamy, 1999] schemes are similar to those in the SKYHI GCM. Convection is simulated with either a Fickian diffusion scheme [Ramaswamy and Kiehl, 1985] or a conventional convective adjustment scheme [Manabe and Wetherald, 1967].…”

Section: Model Descriptionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Sensitivity of the atmospheric lapse rate to solar cloud absorption in a radiative‐convective model

Erlick

Ramaswamy

2003

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] Previous radiative-convective model studies of the radiative forcing due to absorbing aerosols such as soot and dust have revealed a strong dependence on the vertical distribution of the absorbers. In this study, we extend this concept to absorption in cloud layers, using a one-dimensional radiative-convective model employing high, middle, and low cloud representations to investigate the response of the surface temperature and atmospheric lapse rate to increases in visible cloud absorption. The visible singlescattering albedo (ssa) of the clouds is prescribed, ranging from 1.0 to 0.6, where 0.99 is the minimum that would be expected from the presence of absorbing aerosols within the cloud drops on the basis of recent Monterey Area Ship Track (MAST) Experiment case studies. Simulations are performed with respect to both a constant cloud optical depth and an increasing cloud optical depth and as a function of cloud height. We find that increases in solar cloud absorption tend to warm the troposphere and surface and stabilize the atmosphere, while increases in cloud optical depth cool the troposphere and surface and slightly stabilize the atmosphere between the low cloud top and surface because of the increase in surface cooling. In the absence of considerations involving microphysical or cloud-climate feedbacks, we find that two conditions are required to yield an inversion from a solar cloud absorption perturbation: (1) The solar absorption perturbation must be included throughout the tropospheric clouds column, distributing the solar heating to higher altitudes, and (2) the ssa of the clouds must be 0.6, which is an unrealistically low value. The implication is that there is very little possibility of significant stabilization of the global mean atmosphere due to perturbation of cloud properties given current ssa values.INDEX TERMS: 0345 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Pollution-urban and regional (0305); 1620 Global Change: Climate dynamics (3309); 3359 Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics: Radiative processes; KEYWORDS: solar cloud forcing, radiativeconvective model, indirect aerosol effect Citation: Erlick, C., and V. Ramaswamy, Sensitivity of the atmospheric lapse rate to solar cloud absorption in a radiative-convective model,

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Section: Model Descriptionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Sensitivity of the atmospheric lapse rate to solar cloud absorption in a radiative‐convective model

Erlick

Ramaswamy

2003

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…The NOAA GFDL radiation scheme (Freidenreich and Ramaswamy, 1999) uses the exponential-sum-fit technique (ESFT) to develop the parameterization of water vapor transmission in the main absorbing bands. An absorptivity approach is used to represent the heating contributions by CO 2 and O 2 , and a spectral averaging of the continuumlike properties is used to represent the O 3 heating.…”

Section: A26 Model #29 Gfdl Radiation Scheme (Car-gfdl F Zhang)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Intercomparison of shortwave radiative transfer schemes in global aerosol modeling: results from the AeroCom Radiative Transfer Experiment

et al. 2013

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Abstract. In this study we examine the performance of 31 global model radiative transfer schemes in cloud-free conditions with prescribed gaseous absorbers and no aerosols (Rayleigh atmosphere), with prescribed scattering-only aerosols, and with more absorbing aerosols. Results are compared to benchmark results from high-resolution, multi-angular line-by-line radiation models. For purely scattering aerosols, model bias relative to the line-by-line models in the top-of-the atmosphere aerosol radiative forcing ranges from roughly −10 to 20%, with over- and underestimates of radiative cooling at lower and higher solar zenith angle, respectively. Inter-model diversity (relative standard deviation) increases from ~10 to 15% as solar zenith angle decreases. Inter-model diversity in atmospheric and surface forcing decreases with increased aerosol absorption, indicating that the treatment of multiple-scattering is more variable than aerosol absorption in the models considered. Aerosol radiative forcing results from multi-stream models are generally in better agreement with the line-by-line results than the simpler two-stream schemes. Considering radiative fluxes, model performance is generally the same or slightly better than results from previous radiation scheme intercomparisons. However, the inter-model diversity in aerosol radiative forcing remains large, primarily as a result of the treatment of multiple-scattering. Results indicate that global models that estimate aerosol radiative forcing with two-stream radiation schemes may be subject to persistent biases introduced by these schemes, particularly for regional aerosol forcing.

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“…The Lock et al (2000) PBL scheme is used. The radiation scheme used is due to Freidenreich and Ramaswamy (1999) and Schwarzkopf and Ramaswamy (1999). See Donner et al (2011) for more details.…”

Section: C Wyant Et Al: Modeling Of Clouds and Aerosols During Vmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global and regional modeling of clouds and aerosols in the marine boundary layer during VOCALS: the VOCA intercomparison

et al. 2015

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Abstract.A diverse collection of models are used to simulate the marine boundary layer in the southeast Pacific region during the period of the October-November 2008 VOCALS REx (VAMOS Ocean Cloud Atmosphere Land Study Regional Experiment) field campaign. Regional models simulate the period continuously in boundary-forced free-running mode, while global forecast models and GCMs (general circulation models) are run in forecast mode. The models are compared to extensive observations along a line at 20 • S extending westward from the South American coast. Most of the models simulate cloud and aerosol characteristics and gradients across the region that are recognizably similar to observations, despite the complex interaction of processes involved in the problem, many of which are parameterized or poorly resolved. Some models simulate the regional low cloud cover well, though many models underestimate MBL (marine boundary layer) depth near the coast. Most models qualitatively simulate the observed offshore gradients of SO 2 , sulfate aerosol, CCN (cloud condensation nuclei) concentration in the MBL as well as differences in concentration between the MBL and the free troposphere. Most models also qualitatively capture the decrease in cloud droplet number away from the coast. However, there are large quantitative intermodel differences in both means and gradients of these quantities. Many models are able to represent episodic offshore increases in cloud droplet number and aerosol concentrations associated with periods of offshore flow. Most models underestimate CCN (at 0.1 % supersaturation) in the MBL and free troposphere. The GCMs also have difficulty simulating coastal gradients in CCN and cloud droplet number concentration near the coast. The overall performance of the models demonstrates their potential utility in simulating aerosol-cloud interactions in the MBL, though quantitative estimation of aerosol-cloud interactions and aerosol indirect effects of MBL clouds with these models remains uncertain.

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A new multiple‐band solar radiative parameterization for general circulation models

Cited by 143 publications

References 30 publications

Sensitivity of the atmospheric lapse rate to solar cloud absorption in a radiative‐convective model

Sensitivity of the atmospheric lapse rate to solar cloud absorption in a radiative‐convective model

Intercomparison of shortwave radiative transfer schemes in global aerosol modeling: results from the AeroCom Radiative Transfer Experiment

Global and regional modeling of clouds and aerosols in the marine boundary layer during VOCALS: the VOCA intercomparison

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