A new multiphase calcium phosphate graft material improves bone healing—An in vitro and in vivo analysis

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the potential of a novel biomaterial synthesized from amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP), octacalcium phosphate (OCP), and hydroxyapatite (HA) to repair critical-sized defects (CSD) in rabbit calvaria. In vitro analyses of cell viability, cell proliferation, formation of mineral nodules, and cell differentiation using qPCR were performed for comparing experimental calcium phosphate (ECP), deproteinized bovine bone (DBB), and beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP). Bilateral CSDs were created in 45 rabbit calvaria. Six groups were evaluated: ECP, ECP + fibrin sealant (ECP + S), coagulum, autogenous bone, DBB, and β-TCP. Euthanasia was performed at 2, 4, and 8 weeks, followed by micro-computed tomography and histological and immunohistochemical analyses. Results from in vitro analyses revealed similar biocompatibility for all tested materials and a tendency for higher gene expression of some bone markers in the ECP group than in β-TCP and DBB groups at 7 days. In contrast to that in DBB and β-TCP groups, ECP displayed growing bone volume over total volume percentage (BV/TV%) with time in vivo. Histological analysis revealed a greater number of giant cells and reduced size of grafted particles in ECP during all periods of analysis. RUNX-2 expression was statistically lower in ECP than DBB at 2 and 4 weeks. Despite no statistical significance, ECP presented the highest absolute values for ALP-expression at 2, 4, and 8 weeks compared with other groups. Together, our findings indicate that a combination of the ACP, OCP, and HA phases into ECP is beneficial and promising for bone regeneration.

A nontoxic strontium nanoparticle that holds the potential to act upon osteocompetent cells: An in vitro and in vivo characterization

“…RUNX2 is essential for osteoblast differentiation and chondrocyte maturation and regulates the transcription of Col1 and Ocn, two markers of osteoblast differentiation and maturation 37 . The presence of NanoSr 0% slightly increased the synthesis of RUNX2 as well, confirming the osteogenic potential of calcium phosphates 38–40 . We also investigated the effect of the nanoparticles on the synthesis of TNAP (Figure 5).…”

“…37 The presence of NanoSr 0% slightly increased the synthesis of RUNX2 as well, confirming the osteogenic potential of calcium phosphates. [38][39][40] We also investigated the effect of the nanoparticles on the synthesis of TNAP (Figure 5). The expression of this protein was slightly higher in the presence of NanoSr 10% and NanoSr 90% after 14 days of exposure (Figure 5B,D), and none of the treatments enhanced its levels at short-term exposure (5 days) (Figure 5A,C).…”

Comparative Analysis of Bone Regeneration According to Particle Type and Barrier Membrane for Octacalcium Phosphate Grafted into Rabbit Calvarial Defects

“…Earlier investigations have been conducted to assess the efficacy of innovative biomaterials derived from amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP), octacalcium phosphate (OCP), and hydroxyapatite (HA) in addressing critical size defects in the rabbit skull. Therefore, this study did not establish separate positive and negative controls [ 29 ].…”

“…Throughout the entire manufacturing process, which adhered to a biomimetic approach, the temperature was carefully maintained below 100 • C to preserve the intrinsic properties of the material. Moreover, the OCP material employed in this study underwent rigorous gamma irradiation sterilization (25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40) to ensure the highest standards of safety and quality. The OCP material was inserted into sterilized conical tubes (1.5 mL; 509-GRD-SC, Quality Scientific Plastics, San Diego, CA, USA) and then packaged in Fisherbrand instant-sealing sterile pouches (9 cm × 13 cm; Fisher Scientific, Pittsburgh, PA, USA).…”

Lamellar Septa-like Structured Carbonate Apatite Scaffolds with Layer-by-Layer Fracture Behavior for Bone Regeneration

“…Primary studies have focused on the chemical composition of synthetic bone grafts and scaffolds. Calcium phosphates are conventionally used because they are similar in composition to the inorganic components of human bone [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Although the scaffold composition determines the presence or absence of osteoconductivity, the scaffold structure provides most of the important characteristics for bone regeneration, such as mechanical strength, cell migration, ingrowth of bone and blood vessels, protein adsorption, and nutrient permeation.…”