“…As known, BFGS and DFP methods are regarded as the most popular and efficient QN methods. Recently, the methods have been much heeded in practical applications such as image processing [37,48], time series prediction [49], neural networks training [17,27], document categorization [21], managing demands in the water distribution networks [53], machine learning [4], robotics [50], solving systems of nonlinear equations [3,23,55], curve fitting by B-splines [26], matrix approximation in Frobenius norm [42], computing the matrix geometric mean [52] and estimating unitary symmetric eigenvalues of the complex tensors [18]. The methods have been also well-combined with the classical optimization tools such as conjugate gradient methods [8,16,22,35,36] as well as the metaheuristic algorithms [17,38,48].…”