A New Model to Estimate Bolus Insulin Need

Abstract

The newly derived equation provides a better approximation than the CHO counting method of insulin secretion due to metabolized blood glucose energy from ingested carbohydrates for those without diabetes. We believe that insulin dosage requirements for a patient with type 1 diabetes should mimic the insulin secretion of those without diabetes. If this is true, it means that the new equation should also estimate bolus insulin need for a patient with type 1 diabetes more accurately than before. This will be investigated in a future article.

A Practical Quantification of Blood Glucose Production due to High‐level Chronic Stress

“…We know that 20% of our basal energy ( E ) comes from BG (Noakes, ; Bosch, Weltan, Dennis, & Noakes, ; Ahlborg, Felig, Hagenfeldt, Hendler, & Wahren, ). We also know that a teaspoon sugar metabolizes to 13 kcal of glucose in the blood (Mathews & Pelzer, ; Champe, Harvey, & Ferrier, ).…”

“…Before investigating the impact of these factors on BG and attempting to quantify them, we developed a common unit to describe the BG energy effect of all these factors (Mathews, 2007; Mathews & Pelzer, ). This common unit was called equivalent teaspoons sugar () (Mathews & Pelzer, ). It is a practical unit because a teaspoon of sugar is easy to visualize and thus to understand for a lay person.…”

“…We started off by investigating the BG increase due to food intake and its effect on bolus insulin. It was shown that the new common unit () described the relationship between food intake and bolus insulin better than the traditional CHO counting method (Mathews & Pelzer, ). In this paper, we investigated the BG production via counter‐regulation due to chronic (prolonged; in the order of weeks) high‐level stress.…”

“…Psychological stress is an important lifestyle factor influencing BG production. It is desirable to express and quantify psychological stress in terms of a practical and easy‐to‐understand unit such as , similar to what we have done with food (Mathews & Pelzer, ). Stress quantification is discussed in the next section.…”

Development of a fuzzy expert system for the control of glycemia in type 1 diabetic patients

“…The validation of the system has been carried out by simulation using a compartmental model. Mathews and Pelzer (2009) propose a bolus calculator that takes into account the energy of carbohydrates, the metabolic efficiency and the dependence on the person of the energy that is transformed in blood glucose. Shapira et al (2010) take into account as well the carbohydrate content of the meal but to overcome the uncertainty of its determination they propose a decision support tool that is based on the optimization of insulin doses for carbohydrate ranges.…”