A new model of trajectory in eddy current separation for recovering spent lithium iron phosphate batteries

Bi, Haijun; Zhu, Huabing; Zu, Lei; Bai, Yuxuan; Gao, Song; Gao, Yong

doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2019.08.041

Cited by 53 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Due to the deterioration of the environment, countries all over the world are emphasizing the development and utilization of renewable nonfossil energy. The global energy pattern is undergoing a fundamental change from relying on traditional fossil energy to embracing clean and efficient energy. − Energy storage devices with attractive capacity, extended life span, acceptable safety performance, and satisfying cost manifest the core unit urgently needed to implement the application of renewable energy, the construction of smart grids, and the development of electric vehicles. , Among them, the lithium-ion battery, an anticipated electrochemical energy storage technology, has entered the rapid development stage and shows great potential for applications to a new engine of energy power. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Recycling Strategy for Spent Lithium Iron Phosphate Powder: an Efficient and Wastewater-Free Process

Gong

Peng

et al. 2022

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Due to its high safety and long cyclic life, the LiFePO4 (LFP) battery has received numerous attention and has been widely used in electric vehicles. Therefore, it is urgent to develop advanced technology to recycle spent LFP batteries to avoid energy exhaustion and protect the environment. Here, we report a direct regeneration strategy for spent LFP powder based on the wet full-component leaching method and traditional LFP production process. Specifically, combined leaching of spent LFP powder using H3PO4 and citric acid was done; meanwhile, the leaching solution is used as the precursor to regenerate LFP cathode materials by a typical LFP spray-drying process. The recovery rates of Li, Fe, and P were above 95%. Effective separation of Al elements could be realized by pretreatment of LFP with a low concentration of LiOH solution, and the Al removal rate can reach 89%. The LFP material regenerated through prealuminum removal demonstrated excellent electrochemical properties, with a discharge capacity of 123.3 mA h g–1 at a rate of 5 C. After 600 cycles at 1 C, its capacity retention was found to be as high as 97.3%. Moreover, the economic benefit analysis indicates that the progress is rewarding. This novel and simple method has made a breakthrough in the limitations of traditional LFP-recovery process, eliminating the complicated chemical precipitation process. Meanwhile, it realizes the direct recovery of LFP and eliminates wastewater at the origin, which is expected to be widely used in industry.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Recycling Strategy for Spent Lithium Iron Phosphate Powder: an Efficient and Wastewater-Free Process

Gong

Peng

et al. 2022

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…T L /T L0 and T H /T H0 are defined as lowenergy and high-energy transparency, respectively. The following R_values are defined by Equation (7). Because of the influence of integration, both the coefficient of integration term and the linear attenuation coefficient in exponential term in Equation ( 6) are functions of energy E of integration variable, so the calculation of the R_value in Equation ( 7) cannot remove the influence of thickness t, that is, the R_value is not only related to the atomic number Z, relative atomic mass A and density ρ, but also related to the thickness t of the material.…”

Section: Correlative Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of the influence of integration, both the coefficient of integration term and the linear attenuation coefficient in exponential term in Equation ( 6) are functions of energy E of integration variable, so the calculation of the R_value in Equation ( 7) cannot remove the influence of thickness t, that is, the R_value is not only related to the atomic number Z, relative atomic mass A and density ρ, but also related to the thickness t of the material. Therefore, DE-XRT method cannot directly identify the atomic number and the material according to the R_value calculated by Equation (7), and the influence of thickness needs to be removed.…”

Section: Correlative Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Direct sorting includes: air separation, the dense medium method, eddy current separation (ECS), magnetic separation, the electrostatic method, magnetic levitation, etc. [2,[7][8][9][10][11][12] These methods rely on the different physical properties of the materials and directly separate solid waste by buoyancy, electromagnetic force, electric field force, etc. Indirect sorting involves two steps, the first step is identification, dependent on various sensors such as color or grayscale machine vision, X-ray transmission (XRT), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), electromagnetic sensor (EMS), spectroscopy, etc.…”

Section: Introduction 1backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Combination of Dual-Energy X-ray Transmission and Variable Gas-Ejection for the In-Line Automatic Sorting of Many Types of Scrap in One Measurement

Tian-zhong

2021

Applied Sciences

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As an important part of pretreatment before recycling, sorting has a great impact on the quality, efficiency, cost and difficulty of recycling. In this paper, dual-energy X-ray transmission (DE-XRT) combined with variable gas-ejection is used to improve the quality and efficiency of in-line automatic sorting of waste non-ferrous metals. A method was proposed to judge the sorting ability, identify the types, and calculate the mass and center-of-gravity coordinates according to the shading of low-energy, the line scan direction coordinate and transparency natural logarithm ratio of low energy to high energy (R_value). The material identification was satisfied by the nearest neighbor algorithm of effective points in the material range to the R_value calibration surface. The flow-process of identification was also presented. Based on the thickness of the calibration surface, the material mass and center-of-gravity coordinates were calculated. The feasibility of controlling material falling points by variable gas-ejection was analyzed. The experimental verification of self-made materials showed that identification accuracy by count basis was 85%, mass and center-of-gravity coordinates calculation errors were both below 5%. The method proposed features high accuracy, high efficiency, and low operation cost and is of great application value even to other solid waste sorting, such as plastics, glass and ceramics.

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“…The eddy current separates the electrical conductors from the non-conductors or the minimally conductive materials. This method provides a high-ranking separation between Al and Cu in the electromagnetic fraction and Co and Li in the nonelectromagnetic fragments [28].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Literature Review, Recycling of Lithium-Ion Batteries from Electric Vehicles, Part I: Recycling Technology

2022

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During recent years, emissions reduction has been tightened worldwide. Therefore, there is an increasing demand for electric vehicles (EVs) that can meet emission requirements. The growing number of new EVs increases the consumption of raw materials during production. Simultaneously, the number of used EVs and subsequently retired lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) that need to be disposed of is also increasing. According to the current approaches, the recycling process technology appears to be one of the most promising solutions for the End-of-Life (EOL) LIBs—recycling and reusing of waste materials would reduce raw materials production and environmental burden. According to this performed literature review, 263 publications about “Recycling of Lithium-ion Batteries from Electric Vehicles” were classified into five sections: Recycling Processes, Battery Composition, Environmental Impact, Economic Evaluation, and Recycling & Rest. The whole work reviews the current-state of publications dedicated to recycling LIBs from EVs in the techno-environmental-economic summary. This paper covers the first part of the review work; it is devoted to the recycling technology processes and points out the main study fields in recycling that were found during this work.

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A new model of trajectory in eddy current separation for recovering spent lithium iron phosphate batteries

Cited by 53 publications

References 37 publications

Direct Recycling Strategy for Spent Lithium Iron Phosphate Powder: an Efficient and Wastewater-Free Process

Direct Recycling Strategy for Spent Lithium Iron Phosphate Powder: an Efficient and Wastewater-Free Process

Combination of Dual-Energy X-ray Transmission and Variable Gas-Ejection for the In-Line Automatic Sorting of Many Types of Scrap in One Measurement

Literature Review, Recycling of Lithium-Ion Batteries from Electric Vehicles, Part I: Recycling Technology

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