A New Model of Solar Illumination of Earth’s Atmosphere during Night-Time

Colonna, Roberto; Tramutoli, Valerio

doi:10.3390/earth2020012

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The reported amplitudes and scale sizes in Section 3 represent averages across all latitudes observed by MIGHTI. By fitting a line to the STW as a function of latitude and SLT and intersecting it with the ST's position, computed using the method described in Colonna and Tramutoli (2021), we determine the latitude of intersection and the STW's angle relative to the ST.…”

Section: Icon/mighti Neutral Wind Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evening Solar Terminator Waves in Earth's Thermosphere: Neutral Wind Signatures Observed by ICON‐MIGHTI

Gasque,

Harding,

Immel

et al. 2024

JGR Space Physics

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The moving solar terminator (ST) generates atmospheric disturbances, broadly termed solar terminator waves (STWs). Despite theoretically recurring daily, STWs remain poorly understood, partially due to measurement challenges near the ST. Analyzing Michelson Interferometer for Global High‐resolution Thermospheric Imaging (MIGHTI) data from NASA's Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON) observatory, we present observations of STW signatures in thermospheric neutral winds, including the first reported meridional wind signatures. Seasonal analysis reveals STWs are most prominent during solstices, when they intersect the ST about ∼20° latitude from the equator in the winter hemisphere and have phase fronts inclined at a ∼40° angle to the ST. We also provide the first observed STW altitude profiles, revealing large vertical wavelengths above 200 km. Comparing these observations to four different models suggests the STWs likely originate directly or indirectly from waves from below 97 km. STWs may play an under‐recognized role in the daily variability of the thermosphere‐ionosphere system, warranting further study.

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Section: Icon/mighti Neutral Wind Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evening Solar Terminator Waves in Earth's Thermosphere: Neutral Wind Signatures Observed by ICON‐MIGHTI

Gasque,

Harding,

Immel

et al. 2024

JGR Space Physics

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“…The radiation from the Sun governs the changes in the ionospheric Total Electron Content. Over the time many authors have tried to find correlation functions between solar activity variations and TEC (e.g., [17][18][19]) but it is not easy, especially because of the strong influence of cyclic, geographical, and geomagnetic activity and other (known and unknown) source of variations.…”

Section: Management Of Solar Radiation Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Establishing when the behavior of the TEC parameter (as well as the other ionospheric parameters) can be defined anomalous is extremely complicated, because the ionospheric noise sources are many, of various natures (known and unknown) and produce disturbances (mainly governed by the influence of the Sun [17][18][19]) in time and space, which can be even stronger than the anomalies themselves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Setting of Earthquake-Related Ionospheric TEC (Total Electron Content) Anomalies Detection Methods: Long-Term Validation over the Italian Region

et al. 2023

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Over the last decade, thanks to the availability of historical satellite observations that have begun to be significantly large and thanks to the exponential growth of artificial intelligence techniques, many advances have been made in the detection of geophysical parameters such as seismic-related anomalies. In this study, the variations of the ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC), one of the main parameters historically proposed as a seismic-connected indicator, are analyzed. To make a statistically robust analysis of the complex phenomena involved, we propose a completely innovative machine-learning approach developed in the R programming language. Through this approach, an optimal setting of the multitude of methodological inputs currently proposed for the detection of ionospheric anomalies is performed. The setting is optimized by analyzing, for the first time, multi-year—mostly twenty-year—time series of TEC satellite data measured by global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) over the Italian region, matched with the corresponding multi-year time series of seismic events. Seismic events including all the countries of the Mediterranean area, up to Turkey, are involved in the analysis. Tens of thousands of possible combinations of input methodological parameters are simulated and classified according to pre-established criteria. Several inputs examined return clear results. These results combined with each other highlight the presence of anomalous seismic-related sequences that have an extremely low probability of having been detected randomly (up to 2 out of 1 million). The anomalies identified represent the most anomalous behaviors of the TEC recorded during the entire period under investigation (e.g., 20 years). Some of the main conclusions are that, at mid-latitudes, ① the detection of seismic-TEC anomalies can be more efficient looking for punctual rather than persistent phenomena; ② the optimal thresholds for the identification of co-seismic anomalies can assume different values depending on type of anomaly (positive or negative) and type of observation; ③ single GNSS receiver data can be useful for capturing local earthquake-ionospheric effects and Global Ionospheric Maps (GIM) data can be functional in detecting large-scale earthquake-ionospheric effects; ④ earthquakes deeper than 50 km are less likely to affect the ionosphere.

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“…As noted by Galushko et al (1998), among all gravity waves sources, the solar terminator holds a special significance, since it is a well-defined and predictable phenomenon. The solar terminator effects in the atmosphere and ionosphere have been explored earlier by different authors (Afraimovich, 2008;Afraimovich et al, 2009;Brady & Crombie, 1964;Colonna & Tramutoli, 2021;Forbes et al, 2008;Gulyaev & Gulyaeva, 1984;Mersha et al, 2021;Miyoshi et al, 2009;Somsikov, 1995). Gravity waves with periods from a few hours down to 5 min must have impact on the charged particles variability at solar terminator similar to the neutral atmosphere density and temperature, Total Electron Content (TEC) scintillation S4 index, sporadic E layer, etc.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Ionosphere Heterogeneities at Dawn−Dusk Terminator Related to the Starlink Satellites Launch Disaster on 3−8 February 2022

Gulyaeva,

Lukianova,

Haralambous

2023

JGR Space Physics

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We present an analysis of the evolution of the ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC) and its variability index Vσ during the Starlink launch disaster on 3–8 February 2022 two‐phase geomagnetic storm. JPL GIM‐TEC global maps with increased spatial (1° in latitude and longitude) and temporal (15 min cadence) resolution as well as SWARM satellite data have been used in the analysis. Comparison of data for five time periods including Starlink launches with geomagnetic Dst index demonstrates thermospheric mass densities increasing by about 50% during the development of the storm on 3–5 February. A spectrum periodogram analysis is applied on TEC at sunrise and sunset solar terminator (STh) at an altitude h = 300 km. Periodicities in the solar terminator TEC generated waves are estimated as 24 hr, 12 hr, 1 hr, 30 min, 20 min, and 15 min. A significant morning−evening asymmetry resulted in the density anomalies concentrated in a certain—evening—sector of terminator when plasma is shifted to the dusk side forming a global asymmetry.

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A New Model of Solar Illumination of Earth’s Atmosphere during Night-Time

Cited by 3 publications

References 29 publications

Evening Solar Terminator Waves in Earth's Thermosphere: Neutral Wind Signatures Observed by ICON‐MIGHTI

Evening Solar Terminator Waves in Earth's Thermosphere: Neutral Wind Signatures Observed by ICON‐MIGHTI

Optimal Setting of Earthquake-Related Ionospheric TEC (Total Electron Content) Anomalies Detection Methods: Long-Term Validation over the Italian Region

Ionosphere Heterogeneities at Dawn−Dusk Terminator Related to the Starlink Satellites Launch Disaster on 3−8 February 2022

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