A new mixed mode biquad using reduced number of active and passive elements

Abstract

Abstract:The configuration that can work in mixed mode may be useful from IC realization viewpoint and application adaptability. This paper proposes a generalized mixed mode universal filter configuration that may be used in all possible modes i.e. voltage mode, current mode, trans-impedance mode and trans-admittance mode. The architecture uses minimum number of active and passive components reported till date and can realize all generic filter functions: low pass, band pass, high pass, notch and all pass. PSPICE simulation results agree well with experimental values. Keywords: mixed mode filter, current conveyor/CFOA, universal filter Classification: Integrated circuits References[1] O. Cicekoglu, N. Tarim, and H. Kuntman, "Wide dynamic range high output impedance current-mode multifunction filters with dual-output current conveyors," A.E.U. Int. J. Electon. Commun., vol. 56, pp. 55-60, 2002. [2] C. M. Chang, "Universal active current filter with single input and three outputs using CC II s," Electron. Lett., vol. 29, pp. 1932Lett., vol. 29, pp. -1933Lett., vol. 29, pp. , 1993 A. M Soliman, "New current mode filters using current conveyors,"A

Electronically Tunable Current Controlled Current Conveyor Transconductance Amplifier-Based Mixed-Mode Biquadratic Filter with Resistorless and Grounded Capacitors

“…(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) [13] no no no no no yes yes yes yes [14] no no no no no yes no yes yes [15] no no no no no yes no yes yes [16] no no no yes yes yes yes no yes [17] no yes no no no yes yes no yes [18] no no no no no yes yes no no [19] no no no no no no no no yes [20] yes no no no yes yes yes yes yes [21] yes no no no yes yes yes no yes [22] yes no no no yes yes no no yes [23] yes no no yes yes yes no no yes [24] yes yes no no no yes yes no yes [25] yes yes no yes no yes no no yes [26] yes yes no no yes yes no no yes [27] yes yes no yes yes yes yes no yes this work yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes 1 (1) resistorless and electronically tunable structure; (2) simultaneous realisation of three generic filtering responses in all the four possible modes; (3) capability to realise bandstop and allpass filtering responses in the voltage mode, current mode and transadmittance mode without critical component-matching conditions; (4) low-input and high-output impedances for current signals; (5) high-input impedance for voltage signal; (6) use of only grounded capacitors; (7) orthogonal control of the parameters quality factor (Q) and resonance angular frequency (ω o ) of the filter; (8) independent control of the voltage mode filter gains without affecting the parameters Q and ω o ; and (9) low active and passive sensitivity performances. …”

“…Hence, mixed-mode circuits are worthy of study. Many types of mixed-mode circuits have been developed [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27], utilizing assorted types of active elements such as conventional second-generation current conveyors (CCIIs) [13,14], current feedback operational amplifiers (CFOAs) [15], differential voltage current conveyors (DVCCs) [16], differential difference current conveyors (DDCCs) [17], fully differential current conveyors (FDCCIIs) [18], four-terminal floating nullors (FTFNs) [19], operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs) [20][21][22], current controlled current conveyors (CCCIIs) [23][24][25], and current controlled current conveyor transconductance amplifiers (CCCCTAs) [26,27]. High [13] 7 CCII 2C + 8R 7 CCII [14] 3 CCII 3C + 4R + 2 switch 3 CCII [15] 4 CFOA 2C + 9R + 1 switch 4 CFOA [16] 3 DVCC 2C + 3R 3 DVCC [17] 3 DDCC 2C + 4R 3 DDCC [18] 1 FDCCII 2C + 3R 2 DDCC [19] 3 FTFN 2C + 3R 3 × 2 CFOA [20] 7 OTA 2C 7 OTA [21] 5 OTA 2C 5 OTA [22] 4 OTA 2C 4 OTA [23] 4 MOCCCII 2C 4 MOCCCII …”

First, Second and Higher Order Filter Design Using Current Conveyors

“…We now present some exemplary MISO-type CM universal biquads from amongst those existing in literature [30][31][32][33][34]133]. …”

Multiple-Mode OTA-C Universal Biquad Filters

“…Therefore, multiple-mode (including voltage, current, transresistance, and transconductance modes) circuits are worthy of research and presented for the use of any filtering requirement which is compatible with modern microelectronic systems applications, such as controls and voice and data communications, where consideration of size and weight make the use of inductors prohibitive. In the past several decades, some current conveyor-based mixed-mode or general mixed-mode (namely multiple-mode) filters [2,4,[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]18] were proposed, and it was shown that the use of many resistors was unavoidable. Since operational transconductance amplifier (OTA)-based or second generation current-controlled conveyor (CCCII)-based filter structures do not need any resistors in the realized circuit structures, some dual-mode or multiple-mode biquad filters using OTAs or CCCIIs have been presented in [1,3,5,6,15].…”