A New Mitochondrial Genome of Sogatella furcifera (Horváth) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) and Mitogenome-Wide Investigation on Polymorphisms

Abstract

White-backed planthopper (WBPH), Sogatella furcifera (Horváth), is one of the major sap-sucking rice pests in East Asia. We have determined a new complete mitochondrial genome of WBPH collected in the Korean peninsula using NGS technology. Its length and GC percentages are 16,613 bp and 23.8%, respectively. We observed one polymorphic site, a non-synonymous change, in the COX3 gene with confirmation heteroplasmy phenomenon within individuals of WBPH by PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing, the first report in this species. In addition, this heteroplasmy was not observed in wild WBPH populations, suggesting that it may be uncommon in fields. We analyzed single nucleotide polymorphisms, insertion, and deletions, and simple sequence repeats among the three WBPH mitogenomes from Korea and China and found diverse intraspecific variations, which could be potential candidates for developing markers to distinguish geographical populations. Phylogenetic analysis of 32 mitogenomes of Delphacidae including the three WBPH mitogenomes suggested that Delphacinae seems to be monophyletic and Sogatella species including WBPH are clearly formed as one clade. In the future, it is expected that complete mitogenomes of individuals of geographically dispersed WBPH populations will be used for further population genetic studies to understand the migration pathway of WBPH.

Polymorphisms in the hypervariable control region of the mitochondrial DNA differentiate BPH populations

“…The mitogenomes of all the three rice planthoppers, BPH, White backed planthopper (WBPH; Sogatella furcifera) and Small brown planthopper (SBPH; Laodelphax striatellus), have been sequenced (32)(33)(34)(35)(36). Variations in the mitogenomes of SBPH populations of China and Japan are reported and linked to evolutionary diversity (37).…”

The complete chloroplast genome of Campsis grandiflora (Bignoniaceae)

“…Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were identified on the chloroplast genome sequence using the pipeline of the SSR database (SSRDB; http://ssrdb.infoboss.co.kr/) which has been utilized in several organelle genomic studies (Lee et al, 2020;Choi et al, 2021;Park et al, 2021dPark et al, , 2022. The SSR is conventionally recognized as the nucleotide array composed of repeats with one or up to six base pair units.…”

Sublethal Effects of Beauveria bassiana Strain BEdy1 on the Development and Reproduction of the White-Backed Planthopper, Sogatella furcifera (Horváth) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)

“…Rice ( Oryza sativa ), one of the most important cereal crops and the main food source for more than a third of the global population, is cultivated in over 100 countries currently, and Asian nations account for 90% of rice production in the world [ 1 , 2 ]. The white-backed planthopper (WBPH), Sogatella furcifera Horváth (Homoptera: Delphacidae), is a typical r-strategy pest, one of the destructive long-distance migratory pests of rice in Asia, its permanent breeding areas are in the tropics, and it commonly migrates from the subtropic to temperate areas [ 3 , 4 , 5 ]. Due to the fact that both adults and nymphs suck phloem sap from rice plants, which causes rice plants to turn orange-yellow, reduces plant vigor and slows growth, under suitable environmental conditions, feeding of a large number of planthoppers causes drying of rice leaves, withering of tillers and results in plant death called “hopper-burn” [ 6 , 7 , 8 ].…”