A New Microwave Method Based on Transmission Scattering Parameter Measurements for Simultaneous Broadband and Stable Permittivity and Permeability Determination

Abstract

Abstract-A new microwave method has been proposed for simultaneous broadband and stable complex permittivity and complex permeability determination of magnetic and nonmagnetic materials. The method utilizes complex transmission scattering measurements at different frequencies. For a change in constitutive parameters determination, we considered zero-order and higherorder approximations. We have verified the proposed method from measurements of two medium-and low-loss materials with another method and available reference data in the literature.

Permittivity Determination of Fresh Cement-Based Materials by an Open-Ended Waveguide Probe Using Amplitude-Only Measurements

“…These methods have effectively been applied to determine relative complex permittivity (ε r ) of materials [12][13][14][15][16]. However, these methods together with resonant methods are destructive since they require elaborate sample cutting to fit the sample into its holder.…”

Microwave Method for Thickness-Independent Permittivity Extraction of Low-Loss Dielectric Materials From Transmission Measurements

“…In the literature, various methods based on complex S 21 measurements have been proposed for stable ε r measurement of highloss and low-loss dielectric materials [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38]. While the method in [30] assumes that the sample is low-loss and thin, the method in [31] uses a second-order approximation to derive a one-variable objective function for fast ε r measurements.…”

“…We also derived a one-variable objective function for rapid and broadband ε r extraction of thin or thick low-to-high-loss materials [32]. In order to measure general electrical properties of magnetic materials, the method in [33] can be employed. However, these methods [30][31][32][33] require a good initial guess for electrical properties of samples since complex exponential term in the expression of S 21 yields multiple solutions [26,32].…”

“…In order to measure general electrical properties of magnetic materials, the method in [33] can be employed. However, these methods [30][31][32][33] require a good initial guess for electrical properties of samples since complex exponential term in the expression of S 21 yields multiple solutions [26,32]. Measurements of two identical samples with different lengths can be utilized for unique ε r measurement of samples [10].…”

A Unit Cell Approach to Model and Characterize the Metal Powders and Metal-Dielectric Composites at Microwave Frequencies

“…However, the experimental data of the complex permittivity of the metal powders employed for comparison in [18] have mainly been obtained using the cavity perturbation technique [7], which is usually valid for low loss samples [19] as it is based on the assumption that the test specimen does not change the field configuration significantly inside the cavity. It looks rather more appropriate to make use of the reflection-transmission approach [20,21] instead of the cavity resonant technique to estimate the effective dielectric and magnetic properties of metal powders. The reflection-transmission approach is not based on any serious assumption, and has successfully been employed to measure the electromagnetic properties of the uniaxial composites [22] and the metamaterials [23][24][25] apart from the homogeneous materials in the microwave frequency band.…”