A new microsporidium, Triwangia caridinae gen. nov., sp. nov. parasitizing fresh water shrimp, Caridina formosae (Decapoda: Atyidae) in Taiwan

Wang, Tai Chuan; Nai, Yu‐Shin; Wang, Chih‐Yuan; Solter, Leellen F.; Hsu, Hui Chen; Wang, Chung Hsiung; Lo, Chu Fang

doi:10.1016/j.jip.2012.12.014

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…In addition, microsporidia infect silkworms, bees, salmon, shrimp, and other economically important and farmed animals (Lom and Nilsen, 2003;Wang et al, 2006;Klee et al, 2007;Sokolova et al, 2015), and have caused significant economic losses to the agriculture and aquaculture industries (Stentiford et al, 2016). More than 63 genera have been reported infecting crustaceans (Bojko et al, 2020), of which at least 15, including Agmasoma, Ameson, Apotaspora, Enterocytozoon, Inodosporus, Myospora, Ovipleistophora, Paradoxium, Perezia, Pleistophora, Potaspora, Thelohania, Triwangia, Tuzetia, and Vavraia have been identified in shrimp (Wang et al, 2013;Stentiford et al, 2015;Ding et al, 2016;Sokolova and Overstreet, 2018;Stentiford et al, 2018). Microsporidia infections within economically important crustaceans can lead to slow growth, muscle turbidity, hepatopancreatic lesions, and loss of economic value-all of which can seriously endanger the crustacean aquaculture industry (Tourtip et al, 2009;Wang et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation of the Parasite Enterocytospora artemiae From Chinese Grass Shrimp (Palaemonetes sinensis)—First Report in Asia

Jiang

Chen

Bao

et al. 2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Chinese grass shrimp (Palaemonetes sinensis) is an economically important crustacean in Chinese aquaculture. Recently, we found that shrimp in Panjin city were infected with microsporidia, a group of fungi. The hepatopancreas of several infected shrimp showed white turbidity and pathological changes that negatively affected the health and appearance of the shrimp. Histopathology and transmission electron microscopy were used to examine the development of the parasite within its parasitophorous vacuole. Our results indicated that microsporidia developed asynchronously within the same parasitophorous vacuole. The spores were predominantly small, and rod or oval-shaped. The sizes of fresh spores were approximately 3.1 × 2.4 μm and fixed spores were 1.9 × 1.1 μm. The polar filament was isofilar with 5–6 coils and the thickness was 103.2 nm. Merogonial divisions occurred by binary fission and sporogonial division occurred by plasmotomy. The small subunit ribosomal DNA sequence (1295 bp) from the parasite was highly similar to the previously reported parasite Enterocytospora artemiae (99% nucleotide identity, JX915760). Using maximum likelihood to analyze the phylogenetic relationships, we found that this microsporidian should be grouped within Clade IV, an Enterocytospora-like clade, of the Microsporidia phylum. Based on this parasite’s life cycle characteristics, morphology, and small subunit ribosomal DNA sequence, the parasite described here is likely E. artemiae, which has previously only been described in Europe and North America. Thus, this is the first report of E. artemiae both in Asia and economically important shrimp.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation of the Parasite Enterocytospora artemiae From Chinese Grass Shrimp (Palaemonetes sinensis)—First Report in Asia

Jiang

Chen

Bao

et al. 2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…Microsporidia were first reported in the middle of the 19th century when an outbreak threatened the silkworm industry [ 9 , 10 ]. The majority of microsporidia species infect arthropods [ 11 ]. Most species infecting vertebrate hosts are found in fish [ 11 ]; however, companion animals that are commonly seen by exotic veterinary practitioners, such as rabbits, rodents, birds and reptiles, can also be infected by microsporidia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The majority of microsporidia species infect arthropods [ 11 ]. Most species infecting vertebrate hosts are found in fish [ 11 ]; however, companion animals that are commonly seen by exotic veterinary practitioners, such as rabbits, rodents, birds and reptiles, can also be infected by microsporidia. Most microsporidia are obligate intracellular fungi [ 8 , 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microsporidiosis in Vertebrate Companion Exotic Animals

Vergneau‐Grosset

Larrat

2015

JoF

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Veterinarians caring for companion animals may encounter microsporidia in various host species, and diagnosis and treatment of these fungal organisms can be particularly challenging. Fourteen microsporidial species have been reported to infect humans and some of them are zoonotic; however, to date, direct zoonotic transmission is difficult to document versus transit through the digestive tract. In this context, summarizing information available about microsporidiosis of companion exotic animals is relevant due to the proximity of these animals to their owners. Diagnostic modalities and therapeutic challenges are reviewed by taxa. Further studies are needed to better assess risks associated with animal microsporidia for immunosuppressed owners and to improve detection and treatment of infected companion animals.

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“…The release of DNA from the spores is difficult because of insufficient current lysis approaches. The methods applied to the infected host organisms to recover parasite DNA involve heating steps (Izquierdo et al, 2011;Wang et al, 2013;Sapir et al, 2014) that may cause damage to A þT-rich microsporidian genomes (Figure 2). …”

Section: Genomic Features To Explore the Microsporidian Life Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This leads to an underestimation of their presence and diversity in different environments, because microsporidian rRNA genes are shorter than those of other eukaryotic organisms and feature extremely reduced variable regions (Peyretaillade et al, 1998). Thus, microsporidian diversity is investigated with available non-degenerate specific primers that target only few organisms (Fournier et al, 2002;Ardila-Garcia and Fast, 2012;Ardila-Garcia et al, 2013;Wang et al, 2013;Sapir et al, 2014) or a weakly degenerate primer set designed from the few known Microsporidia with available sequences in public databases (Vossbrinck et al, 2004). Several studies show the presence of some known human microsporidian species in various environments (Fournier et al, 2000;Kahler and Thurston-Enriquez, 2007;Izquierdo et al, 2011).…”

Section: Genomic Features To Explore the Microsporidian Life Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

Exploiting the architecture and the features of the microsporidian genomes to investigate diversity and impact of these parasites on ecosystems

Peyretaillade¹,

Boucher²,

Parisot³

et al. 2014

Heredity

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Fungal species play extremely important roles in ecosystems. Clustered at the base of the fungal kingdom are Microsporidia, a group of obligate intracellular eukaryotes infecting multiple animal lineages. Because of their large host spectrum and their implications in host population regulation, they influence food webs, and accordingly, ecosystem structure and function. Unfortunately, their ecological role is not well understood. Present also as highly resistant spores in the environment, their characterisation requires special attention. Different techniques based on direct isolation and/or molecular approaches can be considered to elucidate their role in the ecosystems, but integrating environmental and genomic data (for example, genome architecture, core genome, transcriptional and translational signals) is crucial to better understand the diversity and adaptive capacities of Microsporidia. Here, we review the current status of Microsporidia in trophic networks; the various genomics tools that could be used to ensure identification and evaluate diversity and abundance of these organisms; and how these tools could be used to explore the microsporidian life cycle in different environments. Our understanding of the evolution of these widespread parasites is currently impaired by limited sampling, and we have no doubt witnessed but a small subset of their diversity.

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A new microsporidium, Triwangia caridinae gen. nov., sp. nov. parasitizing fresh water shrimp, Caridina formosae (Decapoda: Atyidae) in Taiwan

Cited by 21 publications

References 75 publications

Isolation of the Parasite Enterocytospora artemiae From Chinese Grass Shrimp (Palaemonetes sinensis)—First Report in Asia

Isolation of the Parasite Enterocytospora artemiae From Chinese Grass Shrimp (Palaemonetes sinensis)—First Report in Asia

Microsporidiosis in Vertebrate Companion Exotic Animals

Exploiting the architecture and the features of the microsporidian genomes to investigate diversity and impact of these parasites on ecosystems

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