A new methodology for investigating airbag-induced skin abrasions

Hurst, W. J.; Cormier, Joseph M.; Stitzel, Joel D.; Jernigan, M. Virginia; Moorcroft, David; Herring, Ian P.; Duma, Stefan M.

doi:10.1243/095440705x11158

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 18 publications

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“…The results from these experiments could be utilized to develop risk functions [43][44][45] for future airbag design consideration. These risk functions could be evaluated with dummy testing [46][47][48][49][50][51][52] as well as employed in the design of future test devices [53,54].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental analysis of airbag seam design: high-rate shear testing for skin abrasions

Duma

Cormier

Hurst

et al. 2011

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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Approximately 66 per cent of all airbag deployments in the USA result in at least one skin injury, with 47 per cent of these skin injuries attributed directly to the airbag deployment. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the risk of skin abrasions from the airbag fabric seam design by using a new shear testing methodology. High-rate shear loading was performed with a pneumatic impactor that propelled a section of airbag fabric across porcine skin at 85 m/s. Twenty-seven tests (three control and 24 with fabric) were performed using eight different seam designs. A 40 cm 3 10 cm section of airbag fabric with each seam was forced across a 5 cm 3 5 cm section of fresh porcine skin that was acquired within 2 h post-mortem. No abrasions were observed in the three control tests, but abrasions were observed in all 24 of the tests conducted using airbag fabric. The unturned, sewn seam orientation resulted in significantly more severe abrasions than the woven, unturned seam orientation (P = 0.01). This new system and results illustrate that different seam designs can result in different skin abrasion risk. Moreover, the data show that severe abrasions can be caused by normal pressures well below the 1.75 MPa injury threshold previously published.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental analysis of airbag seam design: high-rate shear testing for skin abrasions

Duma

Cormier

Hurst

et al. 2011

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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Measurement of Abrasion Injuries in Crash-related Environments

2017

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Analysis of Fluid Evidence on Various Vehicle Components

Boysen,

Parenteau,

Toomey

et al. 2024

SAE Technical Paper Series

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Determining occupant kinematics in a vehicle crash is essential when understanding injury mechanisms and assessing restraint performance. Identifying contact marks is key to the process. This study was conducted to assess the ability to photodocument the various fluids on different vehicle interior component types and colors with and without the use of ultraviolet (UV) lights.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Biological (blood, saliva, sweat and skin), consumable and chemical fluids were applied to vehicle interior components, such as seatbelt webbing, seat and airbag fabrics, roof liner and leather steering wheel. The samples were photodocumented with natural light and UV light (365 nm) exposure immediately after surface application and again 14 days later.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">The review of the photos indicated that fabric type and color were important factors. The fluids deposits were better visualized on non-porous than porous materials. For example, blood was better documented on curtain airbags than side or driver airbags. Blood and chemical fluids were more difficult to document on black than beige seatbelt webbing, while skin showed better on black webbing. Biological fluids were better detected with UV light. The visual presentation did not change substantially between initial and follow-up documentation with and without UV light. Fluids and components with luminescent properties were also factors.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">This study provides a photodocumentation summary of biological and other fluids on vehicle interior components. In conclusion, UV light exposure was helpful in highlighting some fluid deposits during crash investigation. While UV illumination provided additional insight, further investigation is necessary to discriminate and differentiate fluids present.</div></div>

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A new methodology for investigating airbag-induced skin abrasions

Cited by 3 publications

References 18 publications

Experimental analysis of airbag seam design: high-rate shear testing for skin abrasions

Experimental analysis of airbag seam design: high-rate shear testing for skin abrasions

Measurement of Abrasion Injuries in Crash-related Environments

Analysis of Fluid Evidence on Various Vehicle Components

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