A new method to study Li-ion cell safety: laser beam initiated reactions on both charged negative and positive electrodes

Possible use of non-flammable phosphonate ethers as pure electrolyte solvent for lithium batteries

“…Although a number of factors can induce the unsafe behaviors of lithium batteries, one of major sources for safety hazards comes from the oxidation reactions of electrolyte solvent on charged cathodes, which release excessive amount of heat and cause thermal runaway of the cells. As a consequence, the cells may appear to vent and burn due to the ignition of flammable electrolyte leaked at high temperature [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Thus, it is expected that the firing and burning of electrolyte solution could be avoided if the electrolyte are non-flammable or fire retardant.…”

A Conductive Additive for Positive Electrodes of Alkaline Batteries

“…Thus, tridimensional Li y Mn 2 O 4 phases were reported for a large scale of y values ranging between 0 and 2. 9 The transformation from the rhombohedric to the spinel structure results from the shift of a quarter of the metal ions to lithium sites, which was observed for Li-ion batteries submitted to abuse use during safety tests. 9 The structure of LiMO 2 can be controlled by optimizing the synthesis conditions.…”

“…9 The transformation from the rhombohedric to the spinel structure results from the shift of a quarter of the metal ions to lithium sites, which was observed for Li-ion batteries submitted to abuse use during safety tests. 9 The structure of LiMO 2 can be controlled by optimizing the synthesis conditions. For LiCoO 2 , the ideal R3 ¯m structure, also called O3-LiCoO 2 , results from the reaction of Co and Li 2 CO 3 in air at 850°C 10 or alternatively from the reaction of Li 2 CO 3 with Co 3 O 4 in the presence of O 2 at 900°C.…”

A positive-temperature-coefficient electrode with thermal protection mechanism for rechargeable lithium batteries

“…Apart from the fact that lithium ion batteries are composed of a highly oxidative cathode, a strongly reductive anode, and a flammable organic-electrolyte, their safety is also associated with the inherent poor heat dissipation of non-aqueous cell [8]. Once lithium ion batteries are subjected to abuse, such as overcharging, external or internal short-circuiting, and hightemperature impact [9], a number of exothermic reactions [1012], including thermal decomposition of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), reduction of the electrolyte on the highly reactive anode, and decomposition of the cathode material, may be triggered to produce excessive heat and flammable gas spontaneously. The accumulation of evolved heat from these side reactions could cause a rapid increase in the internal temperature of the batteries, which accelerate, in turn, the chemical and electrochemical side reactions, possibly leading to thermal runaway, cell cracking, fire or even explosion [13].…”