A New Method to Develop the Primate Model of Knee Osteoarthritis With Focal Cartilage Defect

Abstract

Objective: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative joint disease, and animal models have proven pivotal in investigating this disease. This study aimed to develop a primate model of OA that may be more relevant to research studies on OA in humans.Method: Twelve female rhesus macaques were randomly divided into three groups. Four animals were untreated (Control group); four were subjected to the modified Hulth method, involving cutting of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments, and transecting the meniscus (Hulth group); and four were subjected to the modified Hulth method combined with cartilage defect (MHCD group). Each primate was subjected to motor ability tests, and underwent arthroscopic, radiographic, morphological, and pathological observation of the knee joints at various times for up to 180 days.Results: Motor ability on Day 180 was significantly lower in the MHCD group than in the Control (p＜0.01) and Hulth (p＜0.05) groups. Radiographic and morphological examination showed that the severity of knee joint deformity and articular cartilage injury were greater in the MHCD group than in the other groups. Pathological examination showed that cartilage thickness was significantly lower in the MHCD group than in the other groups at the same time points. The Mankin score on Day 180 was markedly higher in the MHCD group than in the Hulth (p＜0.05) and Control (p＜0.001) groups.Conclusion: The MHCD model of OA closely resembles the pathophysiological processes of spontaneous knee OA in humans. The time required to develop knee OA is shorter using the MHCD model than using the Hulth method.

Duhuo Jisheng Decoction regulates intracellular zinc homeostasis by enhancing autophagy via PTEN/Akt/mTOR pathway to improve knee cartilage degeneration

“…The rat OA model was established using the Hulth method after inducing anesthesia using intraperitoneal pentobarbital sodium [ 30 ]. As showed in Fig 1 , OA was induced by incising the medial side of the right posterior knee joint of anesthetized rats.…”

Early Low-Grade Knee Osteoarthritis in Sheep (Ovis aries) after 6-Weeks of Total Unilateral Meniscectomy: A Radiographic Evaluation

“…The other commonly used OA models are rabbit (Yoshioka et al 1996) and horse joints (Mcilwraith et al 2012) but the size is rather too small in the rabbit and too large in the horse. Monkey's knee joint (Bi et al 2021) is quite similar to human's knee joint but it also has some ethical issues. Therefore, in this study we selected ovine stifle joint for this study due to the above reasons.…”

The application of human medical image-based finite element analysis in the construction of mouse osteoarthritis models

“…Various methods are employed to construct murine models of OA, including meniscectomy [ 3 ], the Hulth method [ 4 ], closed joint scarring and selective dissection of the gluteal muscles [ 5 ], as well as metabolic osteoarthritis methods like high-fat diets or ovariectomy [ 6 , 7 ]. Additionally, spontaneous aging OA, genetic OA methods such as knockout of Col2a1 or overexpression of MMP13 genes [ 8 , 9 ], and injection of drugs into the joint cavity or cold stimulation to create an OA model with a pain phenotype are also employed [ 10 , 11 ].…”