“…Their biological properties, such as biocompatibility and biodegradability [6], has ensured their success as a bioceramic for adhesion applications, and warranted interest in these materials as potential substrates for inducing tissue growth. Previous investigations have examined the ability of calcium phosphates to facilitate tissue growth using osteoblasts [7], mesenchymal stem cells [8], and other cell types [9], however the influence of apatites on the behaviour of ES cells has only been assessed where fluoride is used to chemically enrich the apatite structure [10].…”