A new method of determination of indoor temperature and relative humidity with consideration of human thermal comfort

Wan, J.W.; Yang, Kunli; Zhang, W.J.; Zhang, J.L.

doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2008.04.001

Cited by 66 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…It shifts my focus away from lectures". However, the two interviewed occupants were both female and gender can affect the feeling of temperature, that literature shows that female is more sensitive to indoor temperature than male (Wan et al 2009). The interview result might be different if the interviewees are male.…”

Section: Occupants' Opinions and Involvementmentioning

confidence: 93%

A discussion of building automation and stakeholder engagement for the readiness of energy flexible buildings

Jôrgensen

2018

Energy Inform

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Building automation enables the possibility of energy flexibility in buildings. To investigate the motivation and barriers for the energy flexibility in buildings, this study develops a conceptual framework of the readiness for energy flexible buildings by conducting interviews with building automation suppliers, electricity supplier, district heating supplier, distribution system operator, energy service companies, experts in energy and buildings, building managers, and occupants. The two main parts of the framework are building preparation, grid and market conditions following the impacts of regulation and policies, stakeholder collaboration and integrated building automation. A case study of campus buildings is conducted to demonstrate the framework. The result of the case study shows that the main barriers for buildings to provide energy flexibility are 1) many buildings are too old and need to be refurbished, 2) the benefit of providing energy flexibility to the grid is not sufficient, 3) building management systems need to be either installed or upgraded to response to the demand from the grid. Building managers believe that buildings can provide energy flexibility by building automation and distributed energy resources, but they consider energy efficiency to be more important than providing flexibility to the grid. Meanwhile, occupants have different opinions regarding the comfort level of indoor air quality and control, and the differences are based on various factors, e.g. location, room type, and building ages. Background 'The energy flexibility of a building is the ability to manage its energy demand and generation according to local climate conditions, user needs and grid requirements' (Jensen et al. 2017a). A large part of the energy use of buildings may be shifted in time, and significantly contribute to increasing flexibility in the energy system (Jensen et al. 2017b). Buildings can provide flexibility to the energy system in various ways, e.g. load shifting and HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) control, and participate in two types of DR (demand response) programs: explicit and implicit demand response. Implicit DR assumes that electricity consumers may alter their electricity consumption due to a price signal that is provided at a different time (Mandatova and Lorenz 2013). Meanwhile, explicit DR is divided into traditional-based (e.g. direct load control, interruptible pricing) and market-based (e.g. emergency demand response programs and ancillary services) (Sebastian and Margaret 2016).

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Section: Occupants' Opinions and Involvementmentioning

confidence: 93%

A discussion of building automation and stakeholder engagement for the readiness of energy flexible buildings

Jôrgensen

2018

Energy Inform

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“…As a result, while _ Q e and _ Q room þ Ventilation cancel each other out, the sensible heat transfer, in particular, is not be balanced. Wan et al (2009) indicates that human thermal sensation changes about 0.269 for 1 C variation of temperature, while human thermal sensation changes 0.078 for 10% variation of relative humidity. So, the constant enthalpy approach inadvertently causes thermal discomfort.…”

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 97%

Modeling of temperature and humidity ratio in an automobile passenger compartment for automobile air conditioning systems

Chung

2011

Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers

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This study investigates thermal dynamic modeling of a passenger compartment in an air conditioned automobile equipped with HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning). In particular, dynamics of temperature and humidity ratio, both critical to passenger comfort, in the passenger compartment are examined. By analyzing enthalpy change during an automobile air conditioning circulation cycle on a psychrometric chart, heat exchange between outside environment and the passenger compartment can be modeled as functions of operation settings of the HVAC. With enthalpy content decomposed into sensible heat and latent heat, changes in heat content can be attributed to the changes in the corresponding temperature and humidity ratio, respectively. Consequently, impacts resulting from the mismatch between two heat characteristics on temperature and humidity ratio can be formulated accordingly: room sensible heat factor (RSHF ) of the passenger compartment and apparatus sensible heat factor (ASHF ) of the HVAC. A Matlab/Simulink simulation is implemented to verify the proposed model under several control policies that either maintain constant enthalpy or maintain constant temperature in the passenger compartment. With these two temperature and humidity ratio models derived, further research on designing control policies to achieve better passenger comfort for general automobile air conditioning systems can be derived and tested.

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“…Since humans are more sensitive to temperature variation than to humidity variation (Wan et al 2009), the primary task is to bring the car compartment temperature T R to the setting temperature T SS . With respect to the energy conservation of sensible heat transfer, the DX A/C unit needs to provide an extra sensible heat capacity DQ S , as evaluated in Equation (4).…”

Section: Automobile Climate Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature and humidity control inside an automobile during heating period

Zhang

Chung

2012

Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers

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This article investigates a control strategy for the automobile climate control problem; in particular, the heating mode in winter is considered when the initial car compartment temperature and outside temperature are colder than comfortable. By analyzing the air-conditioning processes involving the automobile air-handling unit operating in various weather conditions on a psychrometric chart, a control strategy is developed based upon the concept of conservation of sensible heat and latent heat. Irrespective of the car compartment's initial condition, the control strategy is to control air flow and mixed air temperature such that the compartment conditions in terms of temperature and humidity reach a set condition. The proposed strategy is composed of two parts. The first is to adjust air mass flow rate by balancing the latent heat transfer between ventilation and automobile compartment. Meanwhile, the second part is to control the percentage of heating air flow rate such that a precise temperature can be maintained. In short, balancing the sensible heat transfer among the air condition processes is essential to achieving temperature control, as variation in the net sensible heat will lead to changes in temperature. The proposed control strategy is evaluated in a Matlab/Simulink simulation environment. The results suggest that the proposed control strategy results in an improved indoor humidity level when compared to traditional fuzzy control.

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A new method of determination of indoor temperature and relative humidity with consideration of human thermal comfort

Cited by 66 publications

References 12 publications

A discussion of building automation and stakeholder engagement for the readiness of energy flexible buildings

A discussion of building automation and stakeholder engagement for the readiness of energy flexible buildings

Modeling of temperature and humidity ratio in an automobile passenger compartment for automobile air conditioning systems

Temperature and humidity control inside an automobile during heating period

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