A new method of deploying entomopathogenic fungi to control adult Aedes aegypti mosquitoes

Abstract

A new system for deployment of fungus-impregnated black cloths was tested against and 48 hr to a PET trap with adhesive film + black cloth resulted in higher rates of trapped mosquitoes (38.6% and 68%, respectively) when compared with adhesive film only (6% and 12.6%, respectively). Both fungal species were effective at reducing survival rates when mosquitoes were exposed to traps for 24 hr or 48 hr. Lower exposure times did not significantly alter survival rates when compared to controls. The results showed that five traps or three traps per room were equally effective in reducing mosquito survival rates when testing both fungal species. The results for sucrose-fed insects showed significant reductions in survival when exposed to M. ansiopliae or B. bassiana for 24, 48 or 120 hr when compared to control survival, with the lowest survival rates seen following 48-or 120-hr exposures. Survival of blood-fed mosquitoes exposed to fungus-impregnated traps for 48 hr was not significantly different to the controls; however, longer exposure times significantly reduced survival rates. PET traps could be an effective system for deploying fungus-impregnated cloths in residences, facilitating cooperation of volunteers and reducing distribution time. K E Y W O R D Sattraction, biological control, dengue, traps, vector, zika

Mosquito-Borne Diseases Emergence/Resurgence and How to Effectively Control It Biologically

“…Particular attention has been paid to fungal species belonging to the genera Lagenidium, Coelomomyces, Entomophthora, Culicinomyces, Beauveria, and Metarhizium for their power to reduce mosquito populations, but unfortunately, none of them have been specifically adapted as larvicidal agents against important vector species [109][110][111], even transgenic ones [112]. Application to surfaces on which mosquitoes land or need to pass through, such as fungus-impregnated cloths around bed nets, attractive bait stations, and adult mosquito traps and PET traps, show promising results, with a 39-50% reduction in survival rates of malaria-carrying mosquitoes and elimination of 95% of Anopheles arabiensis mosquitoes in a bait station [113]. One of the most effective fungi studied recently against simultaneously Ae.…”

The type of blood used to feed Aedes aegypti females affects their cuticular and internal free fatty acid (FFA) profiles

“…Mosquitoes can be controlled using entomopathogenic organisms such as fungi [76][77][78][79][80]. Although the role of blood meal in resistance to entomopathogenic fungi is unknown amongst mosquitoes, Cabral and co-workers indicated that Ae.…”

Selección de aislamientos nativos de Metarhizium anisopliae como potenciales agentes de control biológico de Aedes aegypti (Diptera, Culicidae)

“…Por último, cabe destacar como modo de aplicación de hongos entomopatógenos, al uso de trampas para capturar e impregnar al mosquito (Lwetoijera et al, 2010;Snatselaar et al, 2014;Mmbando et al, 2015;Silva et al, 2018;Paula et al, 2018). Las mismas cuentan con la presencia de claves olfativas (dióxido de carbono, amonio y ácido carboxílico) y claves visuales (telas negras).…”

“…Los trabajos llevados a cabo con mosquitos mayoritariamente se enfocan en la aplicación indirecta de conidios de hongos entomopatógenos sobre papel (Scholte et al, 2007;Paula et al, 2008;Valero-Jimenez et al, 2014), telas (Mnyone et al, 2010(Mnyone et al, , 2012Farenhorst et al, 2011;Paula et al, 2013, Carolino et al, 2014, sustratos de arcilla o barro (Farenhorst et al, 2008;Mnyone et al, 2010), o bien, en el uso de trampas (Snetselaar et al, 2014;Silva et al, 2018;Paula et al, 2018). Si se piensa aplicar el producto a gran escala, la aplicación indirecta presenta ventajas sobre la directa tales como reducir el volumen a inocular, disminuir el contacto con el ser humano, y si se diseñan sustratos específicos para un determinado huésped, se puede disminuir la posibilidad de atacar a organismos no blancos o benéficos.…”

“…aegypti, donde los adultos, al posarse, se infectan con el hongo (Paula et al, 2013, Carolino et al, 2014Silva et al, 2018). En estos trabajos, a los 7 días luego del tratamiento y con una exposición de los mosquitos hacia la tela de 24 h se encontró una supervivencia de alrededor del 30% y un tiempo de supervivencia (mediana) de entre 3 y 4 días (Paula et al, 2013;Silva et al, 2018). En los ensayos realizados en esta tesis los tiempos de supervivencia y los porcentajes de supervivencia a los 10 días posteriores a la inoculación, fueron mayores a los encontrados por otros autores.…”