A new method of creating intervertebral disc disruption of various grades

Oliphant, Drew; Frayne, Richard; Kawchuk, Greg

doi:10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2005.07.009

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…# -comparisons among muscle conditions, P , 0.05 The simulation criteria of disc degeneration and muscle dysfunction were used for the following reasons. First, many intervertebral disc degeneration models have been reported for both in vivo and in vitro studies, including the stab models [29], annular tear models [30], disc injection models with enzyme [31] or with nitrogen gas [32], and fatigue models with repetitive flexion-extension and compression loads [33]. These methods were costly, time consuming, or difficult to perform.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Disc Degeneration and Muscle Dysfunction on Cervical Spine Stability from a Biomechanical Study

Chen¹,

et al. 2010

Proc Inst Mech Eng H

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Disc degeneration and muscle dysfunction are common spinal degenerations in the elderly. This in vitro study was carried out to investigate the effects of these two degenerative changes on spinal stability. The stability of nine porcine cervical spines (C2-T1) with mechanically simulated cervical muscles (sternocleidomastoid (SCM), splenius capitis (SPL), semispinalis capitis (SSC)) was tested before and after experiment-induced disc degeneration. The patterns of muscle recruitments included: no muscle recruitment, normal recruitment of SCM/SPL/SSC, and SCM/SPL/SSC muscle dysfunctions. The neutral zone (NZ) and the range of motion (ROM) in the sagittal plane were measured to determine spinal stability. The results showed that the NZ and the ROM of a degenerative spine were larger than those of an intact spine under no muscle recruitment, but not under muscle recruitments. For both intact and degenerative spines, the NZ and the ROM were greatest under no muscle recruitment, followed by SSC dysfunction, SCM dysfunction, and SPL dysfunction, and smallest under normal muscle recruitment. In conclusion, muscle recruitments stabilize both intact and degenerative cervical spines, while dysfunctional muscles do not maintain stability efficiently as normal muscles do. Thus, spinal stability is more significantly affected by muscle dysfunction than by disc degeneration. Muscle training is suggested for the elderly with spinal degeneration to improve stability.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Disc Degeneration and Muscle Dysfunction on Cervical Spine Stability from a Biomechanical Study

Chen¹,

et al. 2010

Proc Inst Mech Eng H

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“…The amount of gas pressurization of the annulus correlated to the degree of disruption of the disc tissue seen on MRI and on gross inspection. 28 Pressures studied included 69, 172, 345, and 690 kPa, correlating to 10, 25, 50, and 100 psi respectively. Carragee's discography protocols routinely used a threshold of 100 psi above opening pressure.…”

Section: Side Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discography

Stout¹

2010

Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America

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Discography is a purely diagnostic interventional procedure performed to confirm or refute the hypothesis that a specific lumbar disc is the predominant source of a patient's low back pain. In patients with severe low back pain, unresponsive to conservative care, discography is used when clinical evaluation suggests that the pain is emanating from the intervertebral disc and other sources of pain have been ruled out. The evidence for its use remains controversial. There is variability and subjectivity in discography techniques and diagnostic criteria, making some investigators question its validity. When standardized diagnostic criteria are used, however, the specificity of discography improves dramatically. Recently long-term side effects have been studied, and lumbar discography seems to increase disc degeneration and herniation as detected on magnetic resonance imaging. Although the clinical significance is unclear, it is an important risk to consider prior to performing discography, and changes in discography techniques may be indicated. Discography remains the only technique, however, that can be used to determine whether a patient's low back pain is emanating from the intervertebral disc and is a valid test when coupled with careful patient selection, strict adherence to standardized technique and diagnostic criteria, and consideration of possible long-term sequelae.

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