“…Furthermore, with the environment becoming more complex, the application of other intelligent methods in ship collision avoidance will be tried. We aim at improving the algorithm, like monarch butterfly optimization [ 27 ], earthworm optimization algorithm [ 28 ], elephant herding optimization [ 29 ], moth search algorithm [ 30 ], slime mould algorithm [ 31 ], hunger games search [ 32 ], Runge Kutta optimizer [ 33 ], colony predation algorithm [ 34 ], and Harris hawks optimization [ 35 ].…”