A new method for determining the water tightness of building facades

Pérez-Bella, José M.; Hernández, Javier Domínguez; Rodríguez-Soria, Beatriz; Díaz, J.; Cano-Suñén, Enrique

doi:10.1080/09613218.2013.774936

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Other factors, such as the height of the facade, its surroundings and parameters that define the Gumbel distribution or POT analysis, are known for each case study (Table 1). To solve the system analytically and relate it to a watertightness test, its standardized parameters (water spray rate and DP) are set as two of the unknown variables (Pérez et al, 2013a).…”

Section: Solving the Equation Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…water spray rate and DP) with the climatic conditions of the facade (WDR, DRWP) associated with a certain return period (Choi, 1998;Cornick & Lacasse, 2005;Sahal & Lacasse, 2008; van der Bossche, Lacasse & Janssens, 2013b). The Bayesian performance-based method (BPB) is particularly adequate for this purpose due to its functional approach (Pérez, Domínguez, Rodríguez, del Coz, & Cano, 2013a). In addition, the BPB method is precise compared with similar methods (Pérez, Domínguez, Cano, del Coz, & Suá rez, 2014) and its results allow a comparison of results from different watertightness tests (Pérez et al, 2013c).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The BPB method belongs to the second approach, which characterizes the watertightness performance of any facade by calculating this return period (Pérez et al, 2013a(Pérez et al, , 2013c. Alternatively, this method can also be used to calculate the DP value that must be withstood in a standardized test to guarantee the watertightness of the facade under the climatic conditions associated with a certain return period.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Improvement alternatives for determining the watertightness performance of building facades

Pérez-Bella¹,

Hernández²,

Cano-Suñén³

et al. 2014

Building Research & Information

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The accurate determination of a facade's watertightness performance is important for optimizing design. Different micro-climatic conditions can affect water penetration. The recently developed Bayesian method allows this performance to be estimated for any operating condition and location, based on the results of standardized watertightness tests. This performance-based method uses semi-empirical calculations for wind-driven rain, estimates of wind velocity based on the wind profile power law and analyses of the annual maximum climatic data. This method determines the return period of climatic conditions that each facade system can withstand. Alternative approximations are studied that may be implemented using the Bayesian method to obtain more precise or functional estimations: improved friction coefficients, peaks-over-threshold analyses or catch ratios from computational fluid dynamics (CFD), among others. The effects of these alternatives on the results of the Bayesian method were evaluated by analysing different case studies in two cities in Spain. This analysis suggests that the original formulation of the method underestimates watertightness performance and highlights the fundamental importance of wind velocity to estimate the performance of any facade accurately. This will provide greater precision for estimating facade performance and provides potential for introducing performance-based codes for watertightness.

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Section: Solving the Equation Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Improvement alternatives for determining the watertightness performance of building facades

Pérez-Bella¹,

Hernández²,

Cano-Suñén³

et al. 2014

Building Research & Information

Self Cite

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show abstract

“…In the past decades, many studies have been carried out to investigate the rain infiltration and its impact on the hygrothermal performance of building envelopes. Most of them are experimental studies, which generally aim to evaluate the water tightness of the building envelope components or quantify the amount of the rain infiltration (Granne 2001;Derome et al 2007;Lacasse et al 2009;Van Straaten et al 2010;Van Den Bossche et al 2011;Olsson and Mjornell 2012;Perez-Bella et al 2013a, 2013b, 2014Boardman and Glass 2013;Olsson 2015; Van Den Bossche and Janssens 2016; Recatala et al 2018;Olsson 2018). The water tightness test can be performed with a specified water spray rate and air pressure to simulate wind driven rain effect on the building envelope; then, a pass or fail evaluation will be provided for the building envelope components (ASTM 2000a(ASTM , 2000b(ASTM , 2000c.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of rain leakage on hygrothermal performance of highly insulated wood-framed walls: a stochastic approach

Wang

2019

Can. J. Civ. Eng.

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Wind-driven rain is one of the most important moisture sources that may lead to moisture damage risks of building envelopes, particularly when the rainwater unintentionally infiltrates into the envelope assembly through defects of the wall components. This paper proposes a stochastic modelling approach to evaluate the impact of rain infiltration on hygrothermal performance of highly insulated wood-framed walls, including an I-joist deep cavity wall, two exterior insulated walls, and a conventional 2×6 stud wall as the baseline wall. The stochastic hygrothermal models of the walls are created based on the uncertainties of material properties and rain deposition factor under different scenarios with rain infiltration deposited at different locations of the wall assembly. The stochastic simulation results show that the rainwater deposited on a water resistive barrier does not cause any moisture damage risk, but there is a significant risk when the rainwater is directly deposited on the exterior or interior surface of wood sheathing, and the interior deposition has the highest risk.

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“…These tests all adopt the same basic principle. Namely, that the outer surface of a full-scale façade test specimen (in the case of laboratory tests) or a section of the façade (in the case of field tests) is subjected to exposure conditions that attempt to simulate wind-driven rain and driving rain wind pressures by means of the application of a constant water supply and pressure differentials between the exterior and interior surfaces of the test specimen, respectively (Pérez-Bella et al, 2013a). Over the course of the test, the inner surface of the test specimen or façade section, which should have no internal finishes, is examined for any water leakage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pressure-equalised façade systems: Evaluation of current watertightness test standards used to assess the performance of enclosure components

Recatalá

Morales

Bossche

2019

Journal of Building Physics

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Watertightness test standards are used to evaluate enclosure components in terms of water penetration resistance. Currently, there is a wide variety of watertightness tests in use for façades elements and wall systems; however, none of them specifically addresses and evaluates the drainage capacity in pressure-equalised façade systems. In addition, recent research has revealed many inconsistencies in the possibility of these test standards to represent all possible conditions that can occur under different operating conditions, varying building configurations and at different locations. As such, the three main variables for water penetration testing (water spray rate, pressure differential and duration of the pressure application) have been called into question. Nonetheless, these studies do not bring up the protocols and other technical specifications incorporated in the test standard procedures. Furthermore, neither are concerns raised about the influence that these other parameters might have on the outcomes of the watertightness test, which is the aim of this research. To this end, the article provides a critical review of current watertightness tests standards from around the world in the first section. Thereafter, a thorough comparison of the information incorporated in the protocols of the test standards has been carried out. The evaluation and discussion of the test parameters and technical specifications incorporated in the tests standards is undertaken based on the state of the art and laboratory experiments of three mock-ups with pressure-equalised façade systems, where the water management capacity of the system is assessed. As a result of this research work, a guideline was prepared for the establishment of test procedures when developing new watertightness standards for pressure-equalised façade systems.

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A new method for determining the water tightness of building facades

Cited by 15 publications

References 24 publications

Improvement alternatives for determining the watertightness performance of building facades

Improvement alternatives for determining the watertightness performance of building facades

Effect of rain leakage on hygrothermal performance of highly insulated wood-framed walls: a stochastic approach

Pressure-equalised façade systems: Evaluation of current watertightness test standards used to assess the performance of enclosure components

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