A new method for characterizing the growth and properties of polyaniline and poly(aniline-co-o-aminophenol) films with the combination of EQCM and in situ FTIR spectroelectrochemisty

EQCM and in situ FTIR spectroelectrochemistry study on the electrochemical oxidation of TMB and the effect of large-sized anions

“…The experimental device was illustrated schematically in our previous study [12] and shown in Fig. 1A.…”

“…And applying the combined technique to study the electrochemical reaction on electrodes allows one to conveniently get insight into the electrochemical processes. This combined technique has been used to study the polymerization mechanism of aniline and aniline-co-o-aminophenol in detail [12]. The present work was aimed to elucidate the electrochemical oxidation process of TMB in aqueous solution and to clarify the effects of potential and large-sized anions on the electro-oxidation of TMB through in situ observations of FTIR-RAS and EQCM responses by using the versatile combination technique of FTIR-RAS with EQCM.…”

EQCM and XPS investigations on the redox switching of conducting poly(o-aminophenol) films electrosynthesized onto Pt substrates

“…Ortega [13] employed quartz crystal impedance measurements to determine the number of molecules of water per polymer equivalent in its oxidized form. Other EQCM studies concern rather co-polymer based on PoAP [14,15].…”

Electrochemical Synthesis of Three-Dimensional Polyaniline Network on 3-Aminobenzenesulfonic Acid Functionalized Glassy Carbon Electrode and Its Application

“…This procedure for coating film is not only quite inconvenient and the obtained film is easy to fall off from the electrode surface, but also the dopants, such as the organic acids embedded in PAN, can leak out from the PAN film when continuous potential scanning is performed, this phenomenon also happens for the doped PAN film synthesized by electrochemical procedure. Furthermore, the copolymerization of aniline and its derivatives presents lower polymerization rates than that for aniline polymerization, depending on the monomers concentration ratio in the polymerization solution; and the substituted anilines make it difficult for the polymerization of aniline [20,23].…”

“…Thus, in general, the redox potential of species to be oxidized and reduced by PAN is limited within the potential range in which PAN itself is electrochemical active; this restricts greatly its application in other fields, such as bioelectrochemistry, which normally requires a neutral pH environment. To extend its application in solutions with higher pH values, three kinds of methods have been explored and used widely: the first way of improving the pH dependence of PAN reactivity was performed by using the sulfonation of PAN with fuming sulfuric acid treatment to prepare the self-doped PAN, whose conductivity is independent of pH in the aqueous acid solutions of pH ≤ 7.5 [13,14]; the second way of extending the pH dependence of PAN electro-reactivity is to perform the polymerization of aniline in the presence of other organic acids, such as camphorsulphonic acid (CSA) [15], -naphthalenesulfonic acid (NSA) [16], 5-sul-phosalicylic acid (SPA) [17], dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (DBSA) and p-toluenesulfonic acid (p-TSA) [18]; and the third method is via the synthesis of self-doped PAN by electrochemical or chemical copolymerization of aniline and its derivatives (ortho-, meta-substituted aniline) bearing ionogenic functionalities, such as sulphonic [19][20][21], carboxylic acids [19,22] and hydroxyl groups [23].…”