A new method for assessing the prevalence of dental fluorosis—the Tooth Surface Index of Fluorosis

Horowitz, Herschel S.; Driscoll, William S.; Meyers, Rhea J.; Heifetz, Stanley B.; Kingman, Albert

doi:10.14219/jada.archive.1984.0268

Cited by 182 publications

(143 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Horowitz et al (12). The primary pathoDental fluorosis and urinary fluorine logic change of dental fluorosis was chalkconcentration of children.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…morbidity rate of males and females. Table 4 shows the correlation between According to the classification method the total intake of fluorine and the source of Horowitz et al (12), the dental fluorosis of fluorine. The stepwise analyses show index of Tibetan children was 1.33.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The territory of this county is vast but the population density is small. There is no industrial pollution in this area so the respiratory intake of fluorine is consid- (12).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The relationship of fluorosis and brick tea drinking in Chinese Tibetans.

Cao

Bai

Zhao

et al. 1996

Environ Health Perspect

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Brick tea-drinking fluorosis is an unusual environmental problem. As a result of an investigation of tea-drinking habits, total fluoride intakes, dental fluorosis, and skeletal fluorosis, this disease has been found in the Sichuan Province of China in Tibetans with a long history of drinking brick tea. The dental fluorosis investigation of 375 Tibetan children (213 males, 162 females) and 161 Han children (86 males, 75 females), 8-15 years of age, was carried out in Daofu County, Sichuan Province. According to the standard of the Chinese Health Ministry, a skeletal fluorosis survey of 658 Tibetans (264 males, 394 females) and 41 Hans (20 males, 11 females), all over 16 years old, was performed. The total fluoride intake and fluorosis were determined from a question--calculation method in all participants. The morbidities of dental fluorosis in Tibetan and Han children are 51.2% and 11.05%, respectively, and the indexes of dental fluorosis are 1.33 and 0.17 (chi 2 = 75.7, p < 0.01) respectively. The morbidity of skeletal fluorosis is 32.83% for Tibetan children and zero for the Han children. The fluoride intakes of Tibetan children and adults were 5.49 mg/person/day and 10.43 mg/person/day, respectively, in this area. Of total everyday fluoride intake, 94.2% by children and 94.4% by adults was from brick tea and zanba (r = 0.99).

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“…Horowitz et al (12). The primary pathoDental fluorosis and urinary fluorine logic change of dental fluorosis was chalkconcentration of children.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The relationship of fluorosis and brick tea drinking in Chinese Tibetans.

Cao

Bai

Zhao

et al. 1996

Environ Health Perspect

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“…3,7,12,13 Dean 8 describes the most commonly used method of clinically and epidemiologically classifying dental fluorosis. At the end of the 1970s, increased knowledge of the histological and microscopic characteristics of dental fluorosis enabled new methods of classification to be developed, among them the Thylstrup and Fejerskov index, 24 the Tooth Surface Index of Fluorosis (TSIF), 15 and the fluorosis Risk Index. 20 Selecting the appropriate index depends on the aim of the study, but the use of different indexes to establish the presence of fluorosis is a problem for the reliability and consistency of data on prevalence/incidence.…”

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confidence: 99%

Reflexões metodológicas sobre prevalência da fluorose dentária nos inquéritos de saúde bucal

et al. 2013

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OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the influence of social inequalities of individual and contextual nature on untreated dental caries in Brazilian children. METHODS:The data on the prevalence of dental caries were obtained from the Brazilian Oral Health Survey (SBBrasil 2010) Project, an epidemiological survey of oral health with a representative sample for the country and each of the geographical micro-regions. Children aged five (n = 7,217) in 177 municipalities were examined and their parents/guardians completed a questionnaire. Contextual characteristics referring to the municipalities in 2010 (mean income, fluorodized water and proportion of residences with water supply) were supplied by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics -Fundação Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Multilevel Poisson regression analysis models were used to assess associations. RESULTS:The prevalence of non-treated dental caries was 48.2%; more than half of the sample had at least one deciduous tooth affected by dental caries. The index of dental caries in deciduous teeth was 2.41, with higher figures in the North and North East. Black and brown children and those from lower income families had a higher prevalence of untreated dental caries. With regards context, the mean income in the municipality and the addition of fluoride to the water supply were inversely associated with the prevalence of the outcome. CONCLUSIONS:Inequalities in the prevalence of untreated dental caries remain, affecting deciduous teeth of children in Brazil. Planning public policies to promote oral health should consider the effect of contextual factors as a determinant of individual risk.

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“…Measuring enamel defects or fluorosis Modified Dental Enamel Defects Index (DDE) 15 Tooth Surface Index of Fluorosis (TSIF) 16 Thylstrup-Fejerskov Index of Fluorosis (TF) 17 Measuring dental erosion or tooth wear Larsen et al erosion index 18 Lussi erosion index 19 …”

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confidence: 99%

Research in primary dental care Part 4: Measures

Williams

Bower

Newton³

2004

Br Dent J

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An important part of the design process for any study is deciding how to assess and measure the phenomena you are aiming to research. In this article we will use the term outcome measure to indicate the tool or index that can be used to quantify, in an accurate and predicable way, the phenomenon under investigation. This might, for example, be a patient's opinion, the effect of a treatment, the outcome of an intervention, or the prevalence of an oral disease. The paper presents an overview of outcome measures which can be used in research. We will discuss the properties to look for in a measure, suggest suitable evidence-based measures and briefly introduce how to go about developing new measures, in particular, questionnaires.

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A new method for assessing the prevalence of dental fluorosis—the Tooth Surface Index of Fluorosis

Cited by 182 publications

References 12 publications

The relationship of fluorosis and brick tea drinking in Chinese Tibetans.

The relationship of fluorosis and brick tea drinking in Chinese Tibetans.

Reflexões metodológicas sobre prevalência da fluorose dentária nos inquéritos de saúde bucal

Research in primary dental care Part 4: Measures

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