A new member of the genus Antarctonemertes (Hoplonemertea, Nemertea) from Antarctic waters

Taboada, Sergi; Leiva, Carlos; Junoy, Juan; Alexander, F.R.E.S. Charles P.; Riesgo, Ana

doi:10.1007/s00300-018-2298-1

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In fact, evidence from feeding experiments shows that organisms that are not normally part of the diet of a particular nemertean species are only slightly or not at all affected by its proboscis secretions ( Gibson 1972 ; ROE 1976 ), suggesting dietary specialization might be an important driver of venom composition in ribbon worms. Antarctonemertes valida and its congeneric A. riesgoae ( Taboada et al 2013 ) are relatively common in shallow waters of the Southern Ocean ( Taboada et al 2013 ; Taboada et al 2018 ) and although no direct evidence exists on their trophic preferences, the amphipod Cheirimedon femoratus ( Pfeffer 1888 ) might represent one of their main food sources as it reaches remarkable densities in the same habitats (e.g., Aghmich et al 2016 ; Angulo-Preckler et al 2017 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution, Expression Patterns, and Distribution of Novel Ribbon Worm Predatory and Defensive Toxins

Verdes

Taboada

Hamilton

et al. 2022

Molecular Biology and Evolution

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Ribbon worms are active predators that use an eversible proboscis to inject venom into their prey and defend themselves with toxic epidermal secretions. Previous work on nemertean venom has largely focused on just a few species and has not investigated the different predatory and defensive secretions in detail. Consequently, our understanding of the composition and evolution of ribbon worm venoms is still very limited. Here, we present a comparative study of nemertean venom combining RNA-seq differential gene expression analyses of venom producing tissues, tandem mass spectrometry-based proteomics of toxic secretions, and mass spectrometry imaging of proboscis sections, to shed light onto the composition and evolution of predatory and defensive toxic secretions in Antarctonemertes valida. Our analyses reveal a wide diversity of putative defensive and predatory toxins with tissue-specific gene expression patterns and restricted distributions to the mucus and proboscis proteomes respectively, suggesting that ribbon worms produce distinct toxin cocktails for predation and defense. Our results also highlight the presence of numerous lineage-specific toxins, indicating that venom evolution is highly divergent across nemerteans, producing toxin cocktails that might be finely tuned to subdue different prey. Our data also suggests that the hoplonemertean proboscis is a highly specialized predatory organ that seems to be involved in a variety of biological functions besides predation, including secretion and sensory perception. Overall, our results advance our knowledge into the diversity and evolution of nemertean venoms and highlight the importance of combining different types of data to characterize toxin composition in understudied venomous organisms.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution, Expression Patterns, and Distribution of Novel Ribbon Worm Predatory and Defensive Toxins

Verdes

Taboada

Hamilton

et al. 2022

Molecular Biology and Evolution

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“…While species with a cephalic patch are not rare among hoplonemerteans with numerous eyes (such as in Nipponnemertes bimaculata (Coe, 1901) and Noteonemertes novaezealindiae Gibson, 2002), there are not many species with a cephalic patch and four eyes outside the genus Tetrastemma ; exceptions (not exhaustive) include Algonemertes alba Corrêa, 1954, Ampiporus regius Iwata, 1954, Antarctonemertes spp. (Taboada et al., 2018) and Oerstedia polyorbis Iwata, 1954.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A molecular phylogeny of Tetrastemma and its allies (Nemertea, Monostilifera)

et al. 2021

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Tetrastemma Ehrenberg, 1828, is one of the most speciose (~110 spp.) genera within the phylum Nemertea, comprising marine monostiliferans generally having four eyes. Monophyly of Tetrastemma remains open to question, having been tested to date only with 18S rRNA gene sequences targeting 13 species. Here, we examine the clade Tetrastemma with additional gene markers (18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, histone H3, 16S rRNA, and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I genes) and OTUs (66 specimens representing 53 species in Tetrastemma), along with a taxon sampling covering the entire Eumonostilifera. Our analysis revealed that Tetrastemma (a) as non‐monophyletic (as were Tetrastemmatidae) (b) contains a major clade consisting of four geographically cohesive subclades, whereas (c) Tetrastemma arcticum Uschakov, 1926; Tetrastemma bilineatum Coe, 1904; Tetrastemma vittigerum (Bürger, 1904); Tetrastemma wilsoni Coe, 1943; and two specimens tentatively identified as Tetrastemma sp. occur outside this major clade, and iv) the three species of Psammamphiporus Gibson, 1989, and Quasitetrastemma Chernyshev, 2004, nest within in the major Tetrastemma clade. Thus, we (a) synonymize Psammamphiporus and Quasitetrastemma with the senior name Tetrastemma and (b) establish Arctostemma gen. nov. for T. arcticum to yield Arctostemma arcticum (Uschakov, 1926) comb. nov.

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Nemerteans collected in the Bering Sea during the research cruises aboard the R/V Akademik M.A. Lavrentyev in 2016, 2018, and 2021 with an analysis of deep-sea heteronemertean and hoplonemertean species

Chеrnyshev

Polyakova

2022

Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography

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A new member of the genus Antarctonemertes (Hoplonemertea, Nemertea) from Antarctic waters

Abstract: The phylum Nemertea is an important component

Cited by 6 publications

References 34 publications

Evolution, Expression Patterns, and Distribution of Novel Ribbon Worm Predatory and Defensive Toxins

Evolution, Expression Patterns, and Distribution of Novel Ribbon Worm Predatory and Defensive Toxins

A molecular phylogeny of Tetrastemma and its allies (Nemertea, Monostilifera)

Nemerteans collected in the Bering Sea during the research cruises aboard the R/V Akademik M.A. Lavrentyev in 2016, 2018, and 2021 with an analysis of deep-sea heteronemertean and hoplonemertean species

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