A New Mechanism for Recurrent Adaptive Radiations

Ito, Hiroshi C.; Dieckmann, Ulf

doi:10.1086/521229

Cited by 47 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 106 publications

(89 reference statements)

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“…The first mechanism is driven by competition (Rosenzweig, 1978). Many models of competitive speciation assume a sympatric setting (e.g., Dieckmann & Doebeli, 1999;Doebeli & Dieckmann, 2005;Doebeli et al, 2007;Ito & Dieckmann, 2007;Pennings et al, 2008;Otto et al, 2008;Ripa, 2009;Rettelbach et al, 2011), but there are also parapatric models (e.g., Meszéna et al, 1997;Day, 2001;Doebeli & Dieckmann, 2003;Heinz et al, 2009;Payne et al, 2011;Fazalova & Dieckmann, 2012). Speciation can occur in these models if frequency-dependent competition induces disruptive selection, such that extreme phenotypes have an advantage over intermediates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three Modes of Adaptive Speciation in Spatially Structured Populations

Rettelbach

Kopp

Dieckmann

et al. 2013

The American Naturalist

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Adaptive speciation with gene flow via the evolution of assortative mating has classically been studied in one of two different scenarios. First, speciation can occur if frequency-dependent competition in sympatry induces disruptive selection, leading to indirect selection for mating with similar phenotypes. Second, if a subpopulation is locally adapted to a specific environment, there is indirect selection against hybridizing with maladapted immigrants. While both of these mechanisms have been modeled many times, the literature lacks models that allow direct comparisons between them. Here, we incorporate both frequency-dependent competition and local adaptation into a single model, and investigate whether and how they interact in driving speciation. We report two main results. First, we show that, individually, the two mechanisms operate under separate conditions, hardly influencing each other when one of them alone is sufficient to drive speciation. Second, we also find that the two mechanisms can operate together, leading to a third speciation mode, in which speciation is initiated by selection against maladapted migrants, but completed by within-deme competition in a distinct second phase. While this third mode bears some similarity to classical reinforcement, it happens considerably faster, and both newly formed species go on to coexist in sympatry.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three Modes of Adaptive Speciation in Spatially Structured Populations

Rettelbach

Kopp

Dieckmann

et al. 2013

The American Naturalist

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“…This induces rapid directional evolution or In the resource space, the shaded and unshaded distributions indicate the total consumptioneffort and the total resource distributions, respectively. The arrows in the phenotype and resource spaces indicate the directions of their evolutionary branching or directional evolution evolutionary diversification of x j1 toward x j2 , excluding j2 (Ito and Dieckmann 2007). Thus, the predation pressures on j1 and j2 have to be similar in order to allow their coexistence in the time scale of food-web development.…”

Section: Maintenance Of Complex Food-websmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The number of nodes may increase with evolutionary branching of the component species through ecological interaction. Indeed, recent theoretical studies showed the possibility of evolutionary branching through various ecological interactions, including resource competition, predator-prey interaction, and mutualism (Geritz et al 1998;Dieckmann and Doebeli 1999;Kisdi and Geritz 1999;Doebeli and Dieckmann 2000;Kisdi and Geritz 2001;Dercole 2003;Ackermann and Doebeli 2004;Egas et al 2005;Kisdi 2006;Ito and Dieckmann 2007;Ito and Shimada 2007). If such situations occur repeatedly during the evolutionary dynamics, the community may develop from small and simple to large and complex.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coevolutionary dynamics of adaptive radiation for food‐web development

2008

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To investigate how complex food-webs can develop through repeated evolutionary diversification, a predator-prey model was analyzed. In the model, each individual has two traits: trait x as a predator and trait y as a prey. These traits constitute a two-dimensional phenotype space, in which the whole group of individuals are represented as a phenotype distribution. Predator-prey interactions among the phenotypes are determined by their relative positions in the phenotype space. Each phenotypic cluster was treated as a species. Each species evolves in y to escape from predation, while it evolves in x to chase their prey. Analytical investigation provided two predictions. First, coupled evolutionary diversifications of y and x may occur when the x of predators have caught up with their prey's y, which may be repeated. Second, complex food-webs may develop when species' competitive strengths are kept similar within the communities. If the functional response is close to the ratio-dependent response, the competitive strengths of all species are similar when the relationship between predators and prey corresponds to the ideal free distribution (IFD). These predictions were confirmed by numerical simulations.

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“…This singular strategy can be either a fitness maximum, and hence locally evolutionarily stable for a single morph, or a fitness minimum, and hence an "evolutionary branching point" that potentially leads to the splitting and subsequent divergence of two genetically distinct morphs. Adaptivedynamics models have repeatedly shown that many natural ecological settings are expected to imply evolution to such fitness minima, at which evolutionary branching may then occur that is based on frequency-dependent disruptive selection (as reviewed, e.g., in Dieckmann et al 2004; see also Ito and Dieckmann 2007). In accordance with the majority of empirical examples of adaptive diversification, most of the existing adaptive-speciation models assume ecological specialization through resource partitioning as the key driver of diversification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Adaptive Phenotypic Diversification along a Temperature-Depth Gradient

Ohlberger

Brännström

Dieckmann

2013

The American Naturalist

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Adaptive phenotypic diversification along a temperature-depth gradient. Online enhancements: appendixes.abstract: Theoretical models suggest that sympatric speciation along environmental gradients might be common in nature. Here we present the first data-based model of evolutionary diversification along a continuous environmental gradient. On the basis of genetic analyses, it has been suggested that a pair of coregonid fishes (Coregonus spp.) in a postglacial German lake originated by sympatric speciation. Within this lake, the two species segregate vertically and show metabolic adaptations to, as well as behavioral preferences for, correspondingly different temperatures. We test the plausibility of the hypothesis that this diversifying process has been driven by adaptations to different thermal microhabitats along the lake's temperature-depth gradient. Using an adaptive-dynamics model that is calibrated with empirical data and allows the gradual evolution of a quantitative trait describing optimal foraging temperature, we show that under the specific environmental conditions in the lake, evolutionary branching of a hypothetical ancestral population into two distinct phenotypes may have occurred. We also show that the resultant evolutionary diversification yields two stably coexisting populations with trait values and depth distributions that are in agreement with those currently observed in the lake. We conclude that divergent thermal adaptations along the temperature-depth gradient might have brought about the two species observed today.

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A New Mechanism for Recurrent Adaptive Radiations

Cited by 47 publications

References 106 publications

Three Modes of Adaptive Speciation in Spatially Structured Populations

Three Modes of Adaptive Speciation in Spatially Structured Populations

Coevolutionary dynamics of adaptive radiation for food‐web development

Adaptive Phenotypic Diversification along a Temperature-Depth Gradient

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