“…Besides, the diverse pressure from stakeholders in the boring operations (i.e. process engineer, manufacturing manager, maintenance manager, the general manager and operators) have also emerged, leading to advance complications in the boring operation decision process (Sathianarayanan et al, 2008;Patel and Deshpande, 2014;Ratnam et al, 2018;Melo et al, 2019;Sastry et al, 2019;Prabhu et al, 2020;Schmidt et al, 2020a,b;Saleh et al, 2021). From the roughness problem description, it is acknowledged that consideration of all aspects of the problem, including the boring operations process parameters, social subsystem, economic subsystem and environmental subsystem are important in the problem formulation (Patel and Deshpande, 2014).…”