A New Look at Lunar Soil Collected from the Sea of Tranquility during the Apollo 11 Mission

Kiely, C. J.; Greenberg, G; Kiely, Christopher J.

doi:10.1017/s1431927610093979

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In this research, an interesting image of tooth was obtained by tuning transmitted light off and using low angle of reflected light, which means this method has possibility to be applied on further studies of hard tissue such as tooth or bone. Also, there are former studies that observed lunar regolith, sand, concrete crack (Kiely et al, 2011;Nemati et al, 1998). According to the observations above, we assumed that zebra fish teeth structure, which is a biological sample, was possible to observe.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Recently a novel microscopic system has been introduced to get sharp image from thick specimen, which is called "3D Panfocal TM Microscope" (Edge-3D, USA). This system composed of light microscope, automatic z-axis motorizing system, autofocusing camera system, and computer system for controlling z-stack motor and imaging processing software (Kiely et al, 2011). In this research, we evaluated the usefulness of this unit in observing thick samples such as Golgi stained nervous tissue and ground prepared bone and tooth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of Three-Dimensional Light Microscopy for Thick Specimen Studies

Rhyu

Lee

Kim

et al. 2016

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The thickness of specimen is an important factor in microscopic researches. Thicker specimen contains more information, but it is diffi cult to obtain well focused image with precise details due to optical limit of conventional microscope. Recently, a microscope unit that combines improved illumination system, which allows real time three-dimensional (3D) image and automatic z-stack merging software. In this research, we evaluated the usefulness of this unit in observing thick samples; Golgi stained nervous tissue and ground prepared bone, tooth, and non-transparent small sample; zebra fish teeth. Well focused image in thick samples was obtained by processing z-stack images with Panfocal software. A clear feature of neuronal dendrite branching pattern could be taken. 3D features were clearly observed by oblique illumination. Furthermore, 3D array and shape of zebra fi sh teeth was clearly distinguished. A novel combination of two channel oblique illumination and z-stack imaging process increased depth of fi eld and optimized contrast, which has a potential to be further applied in the fi eld of neuroscience, hard tissue biology, and analysis of small organic structures such as ear ossicles and zebra fi sh teeth.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Three-Dimensional Light Microscopy for Thick Specimen Studies

Rhyu

Lee

Kim

et al. 2016

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“…The classical thickness of tissue preparations for conventional LM has been confined to a range between 5 and 15 µm to prevent possible disturbance of details from the plane of focus by unnecessary data from planes above and below. However, 3D microscopy provides detailed presentation of specific information of thick materials ranging from 30 to 100 µm, including brain sections, bone tissues, and even bigger lunar soil (Greenberg & Boyde, ; Kiely, Greenberg, & Kiely, ). Therefore, 3D microscopy has been considered as a reasonable candidate to overcome the numerous limitations of conventional LM originating from thin sections, flat images, and consequent lack of depth information.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of intraepidermal nerve fiber density using three‐dimensional microscopy

Kim

Lee

et al. 2018

Microscopy Res & Technique

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Three‐dimensional microscopy provides more extended depth of penetration compared with conventional light microscopy and is known to be useful in clinical evaluation of thick biological specimens. Skin nerve biopsy together with the quantification of intraepidermal nerve fibers in multiple thick sections has been widely adopted for evaluating peripheral neuropathies. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectivity of three‐dimensional microscopy in reducing the required time and inter‐rater discrepancies, especially in the case of personnel not familiar with the quantification methods. A total of six cryo‐sectioned specimens were analyzed for the study and the skin samples were collected from one patient with postherpetic neuralgia who voluntarily participated in the study. Two investigators, a physician and non‐physician assessed the intraepidermal nerve fiber densities and required analysis time using three different methods including direct visualization of tissue slides, and analysis with two‐ and three‐dimensional images. Three‐dimensional microscopy could produce images that enabled reliable evaluation of intraepidermal nerve fibers; the accuracy of analysis was statistically comparable between the physician and non‐physician (p > .05). Three‐dimensional microscopy also enabled the non‐physician to proceed meaningfully faster evaluation compared with the direct visualization method (p = .03). Three‐dimensional microscopy could be one of the useful methods to improve accuracy and convenience of the analysis of intraepidermal nerve fibers especially appropriate for unaccustomed physician or non‐physician. Research Highlights Three‐dimensional microscopy is capable of producing images with more extended depth of penetration compared with conventional light microscopy and has been known to be suitable for clinical evaluation of thick biological specimens. Cutaneous nerve biopsy and the quantification of nerve fibers in thick sections has been widely adopted for evaluating peripheral neuropathies. Three‐dimensional microscopy could be especially appropriate for unaccustomed physician or non‐physician to improve accuracy and convenience of the analysis of intraepidermal nerve fibers.

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“…[16][17][18] In 2011, Kiely et al proposed the imaging of individual particles using X-ray micrographs for submicron resolution and optical micrographs for color texture information. 19 However, this method was unable to simultaneously collect color and fine structural details.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstructing The Color 3D Tomography Of Lunar Samples

Lei¹

2022

At.Spectrosc.

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As the Chinese lunar exploration project prepares for future exploration activities on the Moon, there is a growing need to develop high-fidelity lunar soil simulants. The morphological analysis of lunar soil and its simulant is important for matching the unique properties of the agglutinates. To date, several techniques, including scanning electron, X-ray, and optical microscopies, have been extensively applied to analyze the three-dimensional (3D) morphology of lunar samples. However, none of these tools can acquire the natural color fine 3D microstructure of the samples, which is necessary to analyze components of the lunar meteorite and soil particles. In this letter, we present a high-resolution, natural color 3D tomographic system for the initial analysis of lunar samples. The superior performance of the system is demonstrated by the fine details and color 3D tomography of a lunar meteorite and lunar soil simulant. This method is expected to provide an essential tool for visually presenting the geological evolution of the Moon.

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A New Look at Lunar Soil Collected from the Sea of Tranquility during the Apollo 11 Mission

Cited by 11 publications

References 27 publications

Application of Three-Dimensional Light Microscopy for Thick Specimen Studies

Application of Three-Dimensional Light Microscopy for Thick Specimen Studies

Quantification of intraepidermal nerve fiber density using three‐dimensional microscopy

Reconstructing The Color 3D Tomography Of Lunar Samples

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