A new lipid carrier protein in the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus

Kluck, George Eduardo Gabriel; Cardoso, Lívia S.; Cicco, Nuccia N.T. De; Lima, Michele S.; Folly, Evelize; Atella, Geórgia C.

doi:10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.03.010

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Among these proteins, I. ricinus 216 and D. reticulatus S20 are uncharacterized secreted proteins (Figure 6). However, heme lipoproteins such as I. ricinus 391 has been proposed as candidate vaccine protective antigens as being among the most abundant proteins involved in heme transport from hemolymph to tissues to complement the loss of the heme synthesis pathway in ticks (Braz et al, 1999; Maya-Monteiro et al, 2000; Lara et al, 2003, 2005; Hajdusek et al, 2009; Kluck et al, 2018). In agreement with this function, vaccination with 391 affected all the developmental stages during I. ricinus life cycle (Figure 6).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Vaccinomics Approach for the Identification of Tick Protective Antigens for the Control of Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatus Infestations in Companion Animals

2019

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Ticks and tick-borne pathogens affect health and welfare of companion animals worldwide, and some human tick-borne diseases are associated with exposure to domestic animals. Vaccines are the most environmentally friendly alternative to acaracides for the control of tick infestations, and to reduce the risk for tick-borne diseases affecting human and animal health. However, vaccines have not been developed or successfully implemented for most vector-borne diseases. The main limitation for the development of effective vaccines is the identification of protective antigens. To address this limitation, in this study we used an experimental approach combining vaccinomics based on transcriptomics and proteomics data with vaccination trials for the identification of tick protective antigens. The study was focused on Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatus that infest humans, companion animals and other domestic and wild animals, and transmit disease-causing pathogens. Tick larvae and adult salivary glands were selected for analysis to target tick organs and developmental stages playing a key role during tick life cycle and pathogen infection and transmission. Two I. ricinus (heme lipoprotein and uncharacterized secreted protein) and five D. reticulatus (glypican-like protein, secreted protein involved in homophilic cell adhesion, sulfate/anion exchanger, signal peptidase complex subunit 3, and uncharacterized secreted protein) proteins were identified as the most effective protective antigens based on the criteria of vaccine E > 80%. The putative function of selected protective antigens, which are involved in different biological processes, resulted in vaccines affecting multiple tick developmental stages. These results suggested that the combination of some of these antigens might be considered to increase vaccine efficacy through antigen synergy for the control of tick infestations and potentially affecting pathogen infection and transmission. These antigens were proposed for commercial vaccine development for the control of tick infestations in companion animals, and potentially in other hosts for these tick species.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Vaccinomics Approach for the Identification of Tick Protective Antigens for the Control of Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatus Infestations in Companion Animals

2019

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“…Carbohydrate can be used to replenish glycogen reserves so that energy is available for activity. Lipids also play key roles in tick metabolism, both as an energy source and structurally in cell membranes, in hormones and for egg development (Kluck et al 2018). Lipid is stored primarily the form of triglycerides in adipocytes the main fat body cell and additionally as cytoplasmic lipid droplets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, accurate distinction between structural polar lipids and total lipids may be important. Finally, proteins are important and may act as a longterm energy reserve (Williams et al 1986) and are structurally essential for muscle, cuticle synthesis, hormones, enzymes, carrier proteins (Kluck et al 2018), in females for the synthesis of egg yolk (Tatchell 1971;Xavier et al 2019) and in males for sperm and gonadal proteins that trigger engorgement in females (Weiss and Kaufman 2004). Glycogen resynthesis by protein degradation through the gluconeogenesis pathway has been demonstrated in ticks, notably at the end of the embryonic period (Martins et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining the total energy budget of the tick Ixodes ricinus

Alasmari

Wall

2020

Exp Appl Acarol

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Precise and accessible techniques for measuring metabolic responses to environmental stress are essential to allow the likely impacts of climate and climate change on tick distribution, abundance and phenology to be predicted. A more detailed understanding of the metabolic profile of ticks may also help the complex responses to pathogen infection and effects on transmission to be evaluated. Here, a series of biochemical protocols employing spectrophotometric methods are used to determine the entire energy budget of ticks. Protein, carbohydrate, total lipid, neutral lipid and glycogen were measured in individual Ixodes ricinus nymphs and adults. Two key trends were identified: in adults, protein was relatively more abundant than in nymphs, whereas in nymphs, glycogen and carbohydrate were more abundant than in adults, with glycogen alone composing 39% of the mass of metabolites in nymphs compared to 15 and 10% in females and males, respectively. The methods used were able to successfully separate neutral lipids from the polar phospholipids and the importance of distinguishing stored from structural lipid in estimates of lipid reserves is emphasised. The results demonstrate that the spectrophotometric approaches deliver relatively rapid and reliable estimates of the total energetic budget and can be used to quantify the metabolic profiles of individual ticks, demonstrating their suitability for use in ecological and epidemiological studies.

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“…This mechanism retards the penetration of the pesticide through the cuticle of resistant insects, producing low levels of resistance, which by delaying the penetration of the toxic through the cuticle greatly increases the impact of other resistance mechanisms. 47 Kluck et al, 128 verified the presence of a candidate hemolymphatic protein, called Rhipicephalus microplus lipid carrier protein (RmLCP), this lipoprotein binds and transports free cholesterol and is presumed to be involved in lipid modification that promotes reduced penetration resistance…”

Section: Reduced Penetrationmentioning

confidence: 99%