A new life estimation method for lithium-ion batteries in plug-in hybrid electric vehicles applications

Onori, Simona; Spagnol, Pierfrancesco; Marano, Vincenzo; Guezennec, Yann; Rizzoni, Giorgio

doi:10.1504/ijpelec.2012.046609

Cited by 123 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…While constraint 1) is almost always met in practical applications since the pore size is generally much smaller that the electrode dimension, constraints 2)-4) depend on the relative importance of the diffusion, electromigration, and reaction mechanisms, i.e. they impose constraints on the transport regimes that can be appropriately modeled by the continuum scale Equations (20) and (21) within errors of order ε 2 . These conditions are summarized in the phase diagram in Figure 1, where the line β = 0 refers to Da e = 1 and the half-space β > 0 refers to Da e < 1 because ε < 1; the line α = 0 refers to Pe e = 1 and the half-space α e < 0 refers to Pe e < 1; the line α + β = 0 refers to Da e /Pe e = 1; and the half-space underneath this line refers to Da e /Pe e < 1.…”

Section: B(x)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Having identified the conditions that guarantee homogenizability, we proceed to derive the effective mass transport equation (20). since ∇ y c e 0 = 0.…”

Section: Terms Of Order O(ε −2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…aging and capacity fade) of battery systems. Further, dependence of battery aging processes on usage patterns 20,24 (i.e. charge and dischrage cycles amplitude and frequency) are often symptoms of coupled dynamics across scales.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…constant c e B and negligible electromigration). Similarly, Newman's model 8 can be obtained from (20)- (21) and (26)- (27) by relaxing the assumption that c e B is approximately constant and including the full mass transport equation in the electrolyte phase (20), while still assuming negligible electromigration.…”

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confidence: 99%

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On Veracity of Macroscopic Lithium-Ion Battery Models

Arunachalam¹,

Onori²,

Battiato³

2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Batteries are electrochemical energy storage devices that exhibit physico-chemical heterogeneity on a continuity of scales. As such, battery systems are amenable to mathematical descriptions on a multiplicity of scales that range from atomic to continuum. In this paper we present a new method to assess the veracity of macroscopic models of lithium-ion batteries. Macroscopic models treat the electrode as a continuum and are often employed to describe the mass and charge transfer of lithium since they are computational tractable and practical to model the system at the cell scale. Yet, they rely on a number of simplifications and assumptions that may be violated under given operating conditions. We use multiple-scale expansions to upscale the pore-scale Poisson-Nerst-Planck (PNP) equations and establish sufficient conditions under which macroscopic dual-continua mass and charge transport equations accurately represent pore-scale dynamics. We propose a new method to quantify the relative importance of three key pore-scale transport mechanisms (electromigration, diffusion and heterogenous reaction) by means of the electric Péclet (Pe) and Damköhler (Da) numbers in the electrolyte and the electrode phases. For the first time, applicability conditions of macroscopic models through a phase diagram in the (Da-Pe)-space are defined. Finally, we discuss how the new proposed tool can be used to assess the validity of macroscopic models across different battery chemistry and conditions of operation. In particular, a case study analysis is presented using commercial lithium-ion batteries that investigates the validity of Newman-type macroscopic models under temperature and current rate of charge/discharge variation. Predictive understanding of battery dynamical behavior still remains a major bottleneck in achieving diagnostic capabilities, safety, optimization and control of battery systems under different operating conditions. Such a difficulty arises from two main factors: i) nonlinearity of lithium-ion transport processes 1 and ii) battery systems multiscale structure that exhibits physicochemical heterogeneity on a continuity of scales (from the nanometer to the meter).2-5 Since the seminal work by Newman and Tiedemann, 6 where macroscopic ion transport equations were first formulated, a plethora of models have spurred in the past decades. They range from fully empirical approaches to generalizations of electrochemical models based on the porous electrode theory to account for concentrated solutions, 7,8 thermal effects 9 and capacity fade due to Solid-Electrolyte Interphase (SEI)-growth, [10][11][12] just to mention a few. In the past decade, ever increasing computational capabilities have fuelled the development of fully molecular/atomistic models and multiscale/multiphysics approaches. 13 For a thorough review on the topic, we refer the reader to Ref. 4. Microscale models 14,15 (e.g. molecular dynamics, kinetic Monte Carlo and pore-scale models) are theoretically robust, but are impractical as a predictive tool at t...

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Section: B(x)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Having identified the conditions that guarantee homogenizability, we proceed to derive the effective mass transport equation (20). since ∇ y c e 0 = 0.…”

Section: Terms Of Order O(ε −2mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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On Veracity of Macroscopic Lithium-Ion Battery Models

Arunachalam¹,

Onori²,

Battiato³

2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…Moreover, the wide range of conditions with respect to C-rates and temperatures that automotive battery cells must operate make the physics-based modeling approach very challenging. 17 Finally, measuring and quantifying the internal stress or strain to tune or validate the multi-scale models requires complex instrumentation. 23,30 In contrast to the micro-scale, the macro-scale stress and strain responses are directly observable and measured with high accuracy, 16,19,26 thus could be used to develop phenomenological models inspired by the underlying physics.…”

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confidence: 99%

A Phenomenological Model of Bulk Force in a Li-Ion Battery Pack and Its Application to State of Charge Estimation

Mohan

Kim

Siegel

et al. 2014

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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A phenomenological model of the bulk force exerted by a lithium ion cell during various charge, discharge, and temperature operating conditions is developed. The measured and modeled force resembles the carbon expansion behavior associated with the phase changes during intercalation, as there are ranges of state of charge (SOC) with a gradual force increase and ranges of SOC with very small change in force. The model includes the influence of temperature on the observed force capturing the underlying thermal expansion phenomena. Moreover the model is capable of describing the changes in force during thermal transients, when internal battery heating due to high C-rates or rapid changes in the ambient temperature, which create a mismatch in the temperature of the cell and the holding fixture. It is finally shown that the bulk force model can be very useful for a more accurate and robust SOC estimation based on fusing information from voltage and force (or pressure) measurements. Lithium intercalation and de-intercalation result in volumetric changes in both electrodes of a li-ion battery cell. At the anode, carbon particles can swell by as much as 12% during lithium intercalation, and the resulting stress can be large.6 Commercial battery packs involve numerous cells assembled to occupy a fixed space as shown in Fig. 1 and held in mild compression to resist changes in volume associated with lithium intercalation and deintercalation. A small compression prevents de-lamination and associated deterioration of electronic conductivity of the electrodes. A large compression, however, can decrease the separator thickness and lead to degradation and power reduction due to the separator pore closing. 18The effect of expansion and the system's mechanical response on the cell performance and life 18,5,2,24 are under intense investigation with studies ranging from the micro-scale, 4,6,24 the particle level, 4 and multiple electrode layers. 22,8 While progress toward predicting the multi-scale phenomena is accelerating, 9,28 the full prediction of a cell expansion and its implications to cell performance depends heavily on the boundary conditions associated with the cell construction and electrode tabbing and crimping. Moreover, the wide range of conditions with respect to C-rates and temperatures that automotive battery cells must operate make the physics-based modeling approach very challenging. 17 Finally, measuring and quantifying the internal stress or strain to tune or validate the multi-scale models requires complex instrumentation. 23,30 In contrast to the micro-scale, the macro-scale stress and strain responses are directly observable and measured with high accuracy, 16,19,26 thus could be used to develop phenomenological models inspired by the underlying physics.To this end, a phenomenological model is developed in this paper in an attempt to mimic the evolution of bulk force/stress and to quantify the contributions of state of charge dependent intercalation and thermal expansion. A rudimentary version of this model ...

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Lithium‐Ion Batteries: Thermomechanics, Performance, and Design Optimization

Xue¹,

Martins

et al. 2016

Encyclopedia of Aerospace Engineering

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Lithium‐ion batteries have attracted considerable academic and commercial interest due to their higher energy and power density relative to other rechargeable electrochemical systems. Recently, they have been used to power an increasing range of appliances, ranging from implantable medical devices to electric vehicles. Since the commercialization of lithium‐ion batteries by Sony in 1991, there has been an increasing amount of research carried out to further improve their energy density, life cycle, and thermal management. In addition to experimental studies, numerical models have offered new insights into physical phenomena and processes occurring in the cell, and have supported the design optimization of cells and modules. However, given the multiscale and multiphase nature of a cell, the detailed modeling of every aspect of the cell has been difficult to achieve. While thermomechanical issues play a key role in battery design, the importance of broader issues related to cell degradation, safety, manufacturing, and battery management cannot be ignored. As the achievable performance edges closer to the theoretical limits, further gains have to come from major changes, such as new electrode materials, new cell architectures, or transitioning from intercalation to conversion chemistry. Proper consideration of the wide variety of issues that impact battery performance is needed to support further investigation to meet these challenges.

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A new life estimation method for lithium-ion batteries in plug-in hybrid electric vehicles applications

Cited by 123 publications

References 17 publications

On Veracity of Macroscopic Lithium-Ion Battery Models

On Veracity of Macroscopic Lithium-Ion Battery Models

A Phenomenological Model of Bulk Force in a Li-Ion Battery Pack and Its Application to State of Charge Estimation

Lithium‐Ion Batteries: Thermomechanics, Performance, and Design Optimization

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