“…Since mid-2000 there has been increasing research on reliability based topology optimization (RBTO) considering uncertainties in loads, material, boundary geometry or fabrication. Since this work doesn't directly build on earlier RBTO contributions, we simply refer to Deaton and Grandhi (2014) for literature survey, and to select papers for further reading: Maute and Frangopol (2003), Kharmanda et al (2004), Jung and Cho (2004), Guest and Igusa (2008), Silva et al (2010), Chen et al (2010), Chen and Chen (2011), Lazarov et al (2012), Nguyen et al (2011), Rozvany and Maute (2011), Tootkaboni et al (2012), Wang et al (2006). However, as also pointed out by Jansen et al (2014), due to the binary nature of failure definition it is difficult to treat failsafe requirement within statistics based RBTO framework.…”