A new leptospiral serovar in the Pyrogenes serogroupe isolated in Nigeria

Ezeh, A. O.; Kmety, E; Ellis, William; Pb, Addo; Adesiyun, Abiodun A.

doi:10.20506/rst.9.4.534

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…infection was demonstrated in a wide range of animal hosts ( S1 Table ), including cattle ( Bos spp.) [ 85 , 87 , 89 – 91 , 93 – 102 , 111 , 114 , 119 , 121 , 127 ]; pigs ( Sus scrofa domestica ) [ 78 , 79 , 84 , 85 , 100 , 104 , 106 , 122 ]; goats ( Capra aegagrus hircus ) [ 85 ]; Rusa deer ( Rusa timorensis ) [ 85 ]; dogs ( Canis lupis familiaris ) [ 85 , 113 , 116 ]; cats ( Felis catus ) [ 85 , 113 , 116 ]; rodents including the African grass rat ( Arvicanthus niloticus ) [ 87 , 88 ], African giant pouched rat ( Cricetomys gambianus ) [ 110 , 112 ], lesser tufted-tailed rat ( Eliurus minor ) [ 125 ], fringe-tailed Gerbil ( Gerbilliscus robustus ) [ 77 , 88 ], rusty-bellied brush-furred rat ( Lophuromus sikapusi ) [ 109 ], multimammate mouse ( Mastomys sp.) [ 83 , 87 , 103 , 115 ], house mouse ( Mus musculus ) [ 80 , 81 , 83 , 85 , 118 ,…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Leptospirosis in Africa: A Systematic Review of a Neglected Zoonosis and a Paradigm for ‘One Health’ in Africa

et al. 2015

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BackgroundLeptospirosis is an important but neglected bacterial zoonosis that has been largely overlooked in Africa. In this systematic review, we aimed to summarise and compare current knowledge of: (1) the geographic distribution, prevalence, incidence and diversity of acute human leptospirosis in Africa; and (2) the geographic distribution, host range, prevalence and diversity of Leptospira spp. infection in animal hosts in Africa.MethodsFollowing Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we searched for studies that described (1) acute human leptospirosis and (2) pathogenic Leptospira spp. infection in animals. We performed a literature search using eight international and regional databases for English and non-English articles published between January 1930 to October 2014 that met out pre-defined inclusion criteria and strict case definitions.Results and DiscussionWe identified 97 studies that described acute human leptospirosis (n = 46) or animal Leptospira infection (n = 51) in 26 African countries. The prevalence of acute human leptospirosis ranged from 2 3% to 19 8% (n = 11) in hospital patients with febrile illness. Incidence estimates were largely restricted to the Indian Ocean islands (3 to 101 cases per 100,000 per year (n = 6)). Data from Tanzania indicate that human disease incidence is also high in mainland Africa (75 to 102 cases per 100,000 per year). Three major species (Leptospira borgpetersenii, L. interrogans and L. kirschneri) are predominant in reports from Africa and isolates from a diverse range of serogroups have been reported in human and animal infections. Cattle appear to be important hosts of a large number of Leptospira serogroups in Africa, but few data are available to allow comparison of Leptospira infection in linked human and animal populations. We advocate a ‘One Health’ approach to promote multidisciplinary research efforts to improve understanding of the animal to human transmission of leptospirosis on the African continent.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Leptospirosis in Africa: A Systematic Review of a Neglected Zoonosis and a Paradigm for ‘One Health’ in Africa

et al. 2015

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“…An overall seroprevalence of 19% implies exposure of cattle to leptospires, with sv Pomona making the largest contribution, followed by sv Kenya and Nigeria. Cattle are known to be maintenance hosts for sv Pomona [ 19 ] and possibly Nigeria [ 5 ] elsewhere. It is therefore possible that the seropositive cattle were not only exposed to leptospires in the past, but also function as maintenance hosts, likely exposing humans and other species by direct urine splashes or by shedding leptospires in water and the environment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A serological survey found that 35% (126/359) of humans visiting two health centers in Western Uganda had antibodies against leptospiral serovars and 2% had antibody titers corresponding with probable recent leptospirosis when tested by the Microscopic Agglutination test (MAT). The most common serovar was Leptospira (L.) borgpetersenii sv Nigeria (sg Pyrogenes) with 19.8%, which had been isolated from bovines elsewhere in Africa [ 5 ]. Another prevalent sg in these patients was Sejroe represented by sv Hardjobovis and sv Wolffii with 5.6% and 5.3%, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-Sectional Serological Survey for Leptospira spp. in Beef and Dairy Cattle in Two Districts in Uganda

Dreyfus

Odoch

Alinaitwe

et al. 2017

IJERPH

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Seroprevalence of Leptospira spp. in cattle is unknown in Uganda. The aim of this study was to estimate the seroprevalence of L. interrogans Icterohaemorrhagiae, Pomona, L. kirschneri Butembo, Grippotyphosa, L. borgpetersenii Nigeria, Hardjo, Wolfii, and Kenya and an overall seroprevalence in cattle from Kole and Mbale districts. Two hundred-seventy five bovine sera from 130 small holder farms from Kole (n = 159) and Mbale (n = 116), collected between January and July 2015, were tested for antibodies against eight Leptospira strains by Microscopic Agglutination Test. A titer of ≥100 was considered seropositive, indicating past exposure. Overall, the seroprevalence was 19.27% (95% CI 14.9–24.5%). Pomona seroprevalence was highest with 9.45% (6.4–13.7%), followed by Kenya 5.09% (2.9–8.6%), Nigeria 4.00% (2.1–7.2%), Wolfii 3.27% (1.6–6.3%), Butembo 1.86% (0.7–4.4%), Hardjo 1.45% (0.5–3.9%), and Icterohaemorragiae and Grippotyphosa with less than 1% positive. Seroprevalence did not differ between districts and gender (p ≥ 0.05). Seven animals had titers ≥400. Cross-reactions or exposure to ≥1 serovar was measured in 43% of serum samples. Seroprevalence of 19% implies exposure of cattle to leptospires.

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“…We further detected a seroprevalence of 20% against sv Nigeria sg Pyrogenes, which was the most frequent serovar or serogroup for exposure. Historically, sv Nigeria was isolated from bovine kidneys in Nigeria [ 21 ]. The high prevalence of antibodies against sv Nigeria raises concern for a bovine-human transmission pathway in western rural Uganda that deserves further examination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leptospira Seroprevalence and Risk Factors in Health Centre Patients in Hoima District, Western Uganda

et al. 2016

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BackgroundThe burden of human leptospirosis in Uganda is unknown. We estimated the seroprevalence of Leptospira antibodies, probable acute/recent leptospirosis, and risk factors for seropositivity in humans in rural Western Uganda.Methodology and Principal Findings359 non-pregnant adults visiting the Kikuube and Kigorobya Health Centers were sequentially recruited during March and April 2014. A health history survey and serum were collected from consented participants. Overall, 69% reported having fever in the past year, with 49% reporting malaria, 14% malaria relapse, 6% typhoid fever, 3% brucellosis, and 0% leptospirosis. We tested sera by microscopic agglutination test (MAT) against eight Leptospira serovars representing seven serogroups. Leptospira seroprevalence was 35% (126/359; 95%CI 30.2–40.3%) defined as MAT titer ≥ 1:100 for any serovar. The highest prevalence was against L. borgpetersenii Nigeria (serogroup Pyrogenes) at 19.8% (71/359; 95%CI 15.9–24.4%). The prevalence of probable recent leptospirosis (MAT titer ≥1:800) was 1.9% (95%CI 0.9–4.2%) and uniquely related to serovar Nigeria (serogroup Pyrogenes). Probable recent leptospirosis was associated with having self-reported malaria within the past year (p = 0.048). Higher risk activities included skinning cattle (n = 6) with 12.3 higher odds (95%CI 1.4–108.6; p = 0.024) of Leptospira seropositivity compared with those who had not. Participants living in close proximity to monkeys (n = 229) had 1.92 higher odds (95%CI 1.2–3.1; p = 0.009) of seropositivity compared with participants without monkeys nearby.Conclusions/SignificanceThe 35% prevalence of Leptospira antibodies suggests that exposure to leptospirosis is common in rural Uganda, in particular the Nigeria serovar (Pyrogenes serogroup). Leptospirosis should be a diagnostic consideration in febrile illness and “smear-negative malaria” in rural East Africa.

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A new leptospiral serovar in the Pyrogenes serogroupe isolated in Nigeria

Cited by 9 publications

References 2 publications

Epidemiology of Leptospirosis in Africa: A Systematic Review of a Neglected Zoonosis and a Paradigm for ‘One Health’ in Africa

Epidemiology of Leptospirosis in Africa: A Systematic Review of a Neglected Zoonosis and a Paradigm for ‘One Health’ in Africa

Cross-Sectional Serological Survey for Leptospira spp. in Beef and Dairy Cattle in Two Districts in Uganda

Leptospira Seroprevalence and Risk Factors in Health Centre Patients in Hoima District, Western Uganda

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