A New Laser Based Approach for Measuring Atmospheric Greenhouse Gases

Dobler, J. T.; Braun, M.; Blume, Nathan; Zaccheo, T. S.

doi:10.3390/rs5126284

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…Additionally, differential processes helps reduce the effect of aerosols significantly and enables reliable measurements in regions with high AODs [21]. Groups from the United States and the Europe Union have competed to develop prototypes of a CO 2 -IPDA LIDAR system over the past decade and have carried out a number of airborne experiments [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. It the meantime, Japanese groups have also developed a CO 2 -IPDA LIDAR system [31,32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility Study on Measuring Atmospheric CO2 in Urban Areas Using Spaceborne CO2-IPDA LIDAR

Han

Gong

et al. 2018

Remote Sensing

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Abstract:Since over 70% of carbon emissions are from urban areas, it is of great importance to develop an effective measurement technique that can accurately monitor atmospheric CO 2 in global urban areas. Remote sensing could be an effective way to achieve this goal. However, due to high aerosol loading in urban areas, there are large, inadequately resolved areas in the CO 2 products acquired by passive remote sensing. China is planning to launch the Atmospheric Environment Monitoring Satellite (AEMS) equipped with a CO 2 -light detecting and ranging (LIDAR) system. This work conducted a feasibility study on obtaining city-scale column CO 2 volume mixing ratios (XCO 2 ) using the LIDAR measurements. A performance framework consisting of a sensor model, sampling model, and environmental model was proposed to fulfill our demand. We found that both the coverage and the accuracy of the LIDAR-derived city-scale XCO 2 values were highly dependent on the orbit height. With an orbit height of 450 km, random errors of less than 0.3% are expected for all four metropolitan areas tested in this work. However, random errors of less than 0.3% were obtained in only two metropolitan areas with an orbit height of 705 km. Our simulations also showed that off-nadir sampling would improve the performance of a CO 2 -Integrated Path Differential Absorption (IPDA) LIDAR system operating in a 705 km orbit. These results indicate that an active remote sensing mission could help to effectively measure XCO 2 values in urban areas. More detailed studies are needed to reveal the potential of such equipment for improving the verification of carbon emissions and the estimation of urban carbon fluxes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility Study on Measuring Atmospheric CO2 in Urban Areas Using Spaceborne CO2-IPDA LIDAR

Han

Gong

et al. 2018

Remote Sensing

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“…45 An approach to measuring greenhouse gases has been developed with path lengths of up to 1.6 km. 46 Sensing of traffic generated NO 2 with telescopic instruments has been demonstrated over path lengths exceeding 160 m. 47 Using diode lasers over open-paths is a relatively low-risk method that can investigate more than a single spatial location and can have detection limits in the neighborhood of 10 −5 in absorbance. Most of these applications are limited to path lengths of 1–10 m. In the present study, we employ a mono-static, single aperture design to reduce atmospheric and platform jitter and achieve highly sampled spectra for open air path lengths as high as 4.4 km.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Open-Path Atmospheric Transmission of Diode-Pumped Alkali Lasers in Maritime and Desert Environments

et al. 2023

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A tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) device has been developed to study long path atmospheric transmission for laser weapons applications. By employing a single aperture and retro reflector in a mono-static configuration, the noise associated with atmospheric and platform jitter were reduced by a factor of ∼ 30 and the open-air path length was extended to 4.4 km. Water vapor absorption lines near the rubidium (Rb) and cesium (Cs) variants of the Diode Pumped Alkali Laser (DPAL) near 795 and 894 nm, oxygen lines near the potassium (K) DPAL near 770 nm, and water vapor absorption in the vicinity of the Nd:YAG 1.064 um and Chemical Oxygen Iodine Laser (COIL) 1.3 um lines were studied. The detection limit for path absorbance increases from ΔA = 0.0017 at 100 m path to 0.085 for the 4.4 km path. Comparison with meteorological instruments for maritime and desert environments yields agreement for the 2.032 km path to within 1.5% for temperature, 4.5% for pressure and 5.1% for concentration while agreements for the 4.4 km path are within 1.4% for temperature, 7.7% for pressure and 23.5% for concentration. An ICOS device was also used as a spectral reference to verify location of atmospheric lines. Implications of TDLAS collection system design on signal-to-noise are discussed as well as the effect of path turbulence on baseline noise.

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“…excluding satellite and ground based total column measurements) are differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS), typically employing the UV and visible spectral regions (Platt and Stutz, 2008), and open-path Fourier transform spectroscopy (OP-FTS) in the mid-infrared (e.g. Tuazon et al, 1978;Russwurm and Childers, 2002;Griffith and Jamie, 2006;Smith et al, 2011;Laubach et al, 2013;Flesch et al, 2016;You et al, 2017). While DOAS can operate over path lengths of several kilometres, suitable absorptions for accurate and precise measurements of CO 2 , CH 4 and other greenhouse gases are not available in the UV-visible spectrum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other recent developments include open-path tunable diode laser (TDL) systems (e.g. Dobler et al, 2013;Queisser et al, 2016), and commercially available laser-based openpath analysers (e.g. Boreal Laser Inc., Edmonton, Canada).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long open-path measurements of greenhouse gases in air using near-infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy

et al. 2018

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Abstract. In complex and urban environments, atmospheric trace gas composition is highly variable in time and space. Point measurement techniques for trace gases with in situ instruments are well established and accurate, but do not provide spatial averaging to compare against developing high-resolution atmospheric models of composition and meteorology with resolutions of the order of a kilometre. Open-path measurement techniques provide path average concentrations and spatial averaging which, if sufficiently accurate, may be better suited to assessment and interpretation with such models. Open-path Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTS) in the mid-infrared region, and differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) in the UV and visible, have been used for many years for open-path spectroscopic measurements of selected species in both clean air and in polluted environments. Near infrared instrumentation allows measurements over longer paths than mid-infrared FTS for species such as greenhouse gases which are not easily accessible to DOAS.In this pilot study we present the first open-path near-infrared (4000–10 000 cm−1, 1.0–2.5 µm) FTS measurements of CO2, CH4, O2, H2O and HDO over a 1.5 km path in urban Heidelberg, Germany. We describe the construction of the open-path FTS system, the analysis of the collected spectra, several measures of precision and accuracy of the measurements, and the results a four-month trial measurement period in July–November 2014. The open-path measurements are compared to calibrated in situ measurements made at one end of the open path. We observe significant differences of the order of a few ppm for CO2 and a few tens of ppb for CH4 between the open-path and point measurements which are 2 to 4 times the measurement repeatability, but we cannot unequivocally assign the differences to specific local sources or sinks. We conclude that open-path FTS may provide a valuable new tool for investigations of atmospheric trace gas composition in complex, small-scale environments such as cities.

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A New Laser Based Approach for Measuring Atmospheric Greenhouse Gases

Cited by 13 publications

References 26 publications

Feasibility Study on Measuring Atmospheric CO2 in Urban Areas Using Spaceborne CO2-IPDA LIDAR

Feasibility Study on Measuring Atmospheric CO2 in Urban Areas Using Spaceborne CO2-IPDA LIDAR

Open-Path Atmospheric Transmission of Diode-Pumped Alkali Lasers in Maritime and Desert Environments

Long open-path measurements of greenhouse gases in air using near-infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy

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