A New Lance Design for BOF Steelmaking

Sambasivam, R.; Lenka, S.; Durst, F.; Bock, Maarten De; Chandra, Sarath; Ajmani, S. K.

doi:10.1007/s11663-006-9004-3

Cited by 43 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…40,44) These studies explored the fundamental behavior of the supersonic jets and greatly helped in propagating the knowledge on oxygen lance performance and its design. R. Sambasivam et al 132) designed a new oxygen lance with a central subsonic nozzle as described in Fig. 5.…”

Section: Supersonic Oxygen Flow Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical and Mathematical Modeling of Multiphase Flows in a Converter

et al. 2018

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Section: Supersonic Oxygen Flow Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical and Mathematical Modeling of Multiphase Flows in a Converter

et al. 2018

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“…It is known that the Wilcox model predicts free shear flow spreading rates that are in close agreement with measurements for far wakes, mixing layers, plane, round, and radial jets, and is thus applicable to wallbounded flows and free shear flows. On the other hand, the theory of k-e models is widely applied in the models [6][7][8][9][10][11] so far and the realizable one 15) among them can predict the spreading rate of the single jet accurately. Hence, it is wise to compare these two different turbulent models so that more accurate results can be shown considering the multiple-jets coalescence pattern.…”

Section: Turbulence Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, there have been some efforts [6][7][8][9][10][11] in the field of computational fluid dynamics with the purpose of developing accurate and efficient numerical models to solve the jets flow in the commercial converter. Hatta et al 6) and Peng et al 7) both derived the system of mathematical equations to simulate the steady, quasi-one-dimensional supersonic flow through a single De Laval nozzle, which can be applied to the establishment of the conditions of optimum nozzles of performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-dimensional Compressible Flow Simulation of Top-blown Multiple Jets in Converter

et al. 2010

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A three-dimensional mathematical model has been developed to simulate the compressible jets flow from the top-blown lance with multi-nozzles in converter to a free surrounding domain. The variations of fluid density and viscosity, high temperature, and Mach number were taken into consideration in this model which was validated against the physical modeling results. More specifically, computations were obtained to compare the widely used realizable k-e turbulence model against the standard k-w turbulence model, which shows that the latter one is superior to calculate diverse turbulent conditions within the multiple jets. Moreover, the coalescence pattern of the multiple jets has been illustrated by their Mach number distribution, and each individual jet proceeds in a curve course, bending to the lance center and tending to unite. The effects of the inclination angles on the jets coalescence were also investigated, which indicates that the lower the inclination angle is, the stronger the interfering extent between the multiple jets is. With the help of this model, the dynamic power of the multiple jets to support the cavity formation was demonstrated, and additionally, a mathematical model concerning the effective penetration radius and digressing path of the multiple jets was proposed by taking the inclination angle and the axial distance from the nozzle tips as arguments.KEY WORDS: BOF; top blowing; multiple jets; coalescence; inclination angle; CFD; turbulence model; three dimensional simulation. 491© 2010 ISIJ under the commercial conditions to analyses their essentials in detail, for example the jet coalescence pattern. As imagined, the jet coalescence, if it occurs, reduces the impact of the individual jet as the jets engulf a huge mass of ambient medium. Jet coalescence is thus considered detrimental. Furthermore, wide ranges of Reynolds and Mach numbers in the converter strengthen the complex characteristics of the jets. In order to study the pattern of the jets interference extent and their influence on the metal bath, there are a lot of efforts required to make in the establishment of an accurate numerical method for the multiple jets in the LD vessel.This article proposes a three-dimensional mathematical model aimed to simulate the supersonic free-surrounding jets flow from a lance assumed under the converter conditions, which is verified with physical modeling data.12) A 4-De-Laval-nozzles lance with prescribed nozzle configurations was put into use with inclination angles of 10°, 12°a nd 14°. First, this computational model and its mathematical equations are described. Thereafter, the final 3D simulating results of the jet regimes as well as physical data or semi-analytical method for confirming the model are presented. Finally, the fluid flow field of characteristic parameters, the jet coalescence pattern, and the usefulness of these results on an augmented knowledge for a top-blown process are discussed. Computational Model 2.1. Numerical AssumptionsIn order to formulate the transport equations for ...

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“…Wang and Liu et al [ 10 , 11 ] reported that the oxygen preheating technology could significantly improve the initial velocity of the supersonic jet, resulting in a more considerable impaction ability. Sambasivam and Feng et al [ 12 , 13 ] proposed a new arrangement for the oxygen nozzles, proved that an added center nozzle could increase the impaction cavity of the molten bath, and demonstrated the flow field of the oxygen multi-jets. Wang et al [ 14 ] investigated the behavior of supersonic multi-jets generated by an oxygen lance designed with three large-flow-rate Laval nozzles and three small-flow-rate Laval nozzles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Behavior of Supersonic Jets Generated by Combination Gas in the Steelmaking Process

2021

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In the duplex steelmaking process, the oxygen flow rate is suppressed to reduce the increasing rate of the temperature in the molten bath, resulting in severe dynamic conditions. To improve the mixing effect of the molten bath, a Laval nozzle structure designed for combination gas has been proposed. In this research, five types of Laval nozzle structure have been built based on the combination gas content, and both numerical simulations and experiments are performed to analyze the flow field of the supersonic jet. The axial velocity and oxygen concentration were measured in the experiment, which agreed well with the numerically simulated data. The results show that both initial axial velocity and potential core length increase with the flow rate of combination gas. Further, applying a higher N2 flow rate could improve the oxygen utilization rate at different ambient temperatures, but this issue increases the oxygen utilization rate; however, the latter can be reduced at higher ambient temperatures.

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A New Lance Design for BOF Steelmaking

Cited by 43 publications

References 6 publications

Physical and Mathematical Modeling of Multiphase Flows in a Converter

Physical and Mathematical Modeling of Multiphase Flows in a Converter

Three-dimensional Compressible Flow Simulation of Top-blown Multiple Jets in Converter

The Behavior of Supersonic Jets Generated by Combination Gas in the Steelmaking Process

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