A new isomer of bromine: 82mBr

Emery, J.F.

doi:10.1016/0022-1902(65)80399-2

Cited by 34 publications

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“…Since the discovery of the new isomer of bromine '^'"Br [1,2] some work has been done on the chemical effects of the isomeric transition in various organic media. IYEE and WILLABD [3] have reported such effects in carbon tetrachloride.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Szilard-Chalmers Effects in lodates and Periodates with ¹²⁷I and ¹²⁹I

Bellido

1967

Radiochimica Acta

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122A. V. BELLIDO, Szilard-Chalmers Effects in lodates and Periodates with "'I and I''»! Radiochimica Acta Furthermore, in order to obtain results showing the effect of the ionic strength of the Solution on (R% 48 h), the reaction between MIT and KI was followed invarious aqueous solutions of electrolytes, made with a er Q05 OT Fig. 1. Percentage of total radioactivity found on monoiodotyrosine 48 h after the beginning of the isotopic exchange between KI and MIT at 37 °C in aqueous solutions of electrolytes vs. Square root of ionic strength (/<)Table 3. Percentage of total radioactivity found on monoiodotyrosine 48 h after the beginning of the isotopic exchange with KI at 37 °C, in aqueous solutions of electrolytes of various ionic strength (ß). Corwentration of MIT, a = 6.4817 • lO-'M, Concentratimi of KI, 6 = 0.0959 • lO-'M fi • 10« 0 0.135 0.405 1.35 4.05 13.5 40.5 135 or higher Ä%48h 4.40 3.70 2.90 1.70 1.40 1.10 0.60 0 the same composition of electrolytes in various dilutions. Results are tabulated in Table 3 and shown in Fig. I. DiscussionThe results tabulated in Table 1 show that for the corresponding concentrations of organic and inorganic iodide found in blood, the fraction of radioactivity transferred on the organic Compound 48 hours after the beginning of the exchange reaction, is about the same, for all the iodoaminoacids studied, and it is decreased by increasing the ratio of concentrations of the inorganic over the organic iodide. Table 3 shows that the greater the ionic strength of the Solution is, the smaller is the fraction of exchange during 48 hours, becoming zero in a Solution of ionic strength equal to 0.0135. The same results are deduced from the Table 2. Therefore, in blood or in the surroundings of the thyroid gland, where the ionic strength is about equal to that of a KRP Solution, no exchange between the iodides and any one of the iodoaminoacids formed seems to be possible. Consequently, an effect of the exchange mechanism on PEi^^I seems to be impossible. Summary Zusammenfassung ResumeCrystalline sodium iodates with i^'I and and Na^^'IOa-Na'^'IOj mixtures have been irradiated with neutrons in order to study the beha viour of the acti vated and '"I in the crystal lattice, after the nuclear reaction, and the rate of thermal annealing of the different radioacti ve fractions. A remarkable isotope effect has been observed; and the experiments on crystalline mixtures have shown that both activated iodine isotopes maintain their own behaviour. Studies on the influence of the physical conditions of the pile Irradiation and the samples were also carried out.Kristalline Natriumjodate mit ^-'J und '^'J und Na i^^JOs-Na^'^JO^ Gemische wurden mit Neutronen bestrahlt, um das Verhalten des aktivierten i''®J und ''"J nach der Kernreaktion im Kristallgitter sowie die Geschwindigkeit des thermischen Tempems der verschiedenen radioaktiven Fraktionen zu untersuchen. Ein bemerkenswerter Isotopieeffekt wurde beobachtet; und die Experimente an kristallinen Gemischen haben gezeigt, daß beide aktivierte Jodisoto...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Szilard-Chalmers Effects in lodates and Periodates with ¹²⁷I and ¹²⁹I

Bellido

1967

Radiochimica Acta

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“…THOMPSON and MILLBB proved for several inorganic Compounds that the fraction of positively charged recoils was independent of the chemical form of the atoms proir to neutron capture, and concluded that the buildup of charge on the recoil atoms took place in the process of iaternal conversion after the recoüing atoms had been brought to thermal energy [30]. Emery recently reported that the initial product in about 90% of the neutron capture reactions of ®iBr is a nuclear isomer of ®^Br in a metastable State (Ti;2 = 6.2 min), which decays by a highly converted isomeric transition to ®^Br in the ground State [31]. A tentative explanation of the observed isotope effect based on these observations is that the difiference is the consequence of the internal conversion process in the isomeric transition of s^'i'Br to In the process of isomeric transition to ^^Br, the ®2"Br atomis supposed to attain a highly positively charged State as a result of the emission of a conversion electron and accompanying Auger electrons.…”

Section: Isotope Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Effects of Neutron-Induced Nuclear Reactions in Halates and Related Compounds

1967

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Zusammenfassung B6sumeThe chemical State of radioactive bromine atoms after the "'Br(n, y)®°»Br and ®iBr(n, yf^^r reactions was investigated in twelve bromates. A correlation was found between the retention and the ionization Potential of the ion to where was the cation of the bromates as well as the crystal free Space of the bromates. These correlations wäre explained on the basis of simpHfied models of the recoil process. The isotope effect, previously reported for alkali bromates, was conflrmed in all the bromates studied. The cause of this effect was discussed with regard to the recently discovered isomer of '®Br.Der chemische Zustand von radioaktivem Brom nach den "'Br(n, y)®°"Brund «'Br(n, y)'2Br Reaktionen wurde in zwölf Bromaten untersucht. Es wurde ein Zusammenhang festgestellt zwischen der Retention und dem lonisationspotential M™+ = Kation der Bromate) einerseits und der Gitterkonstante des Bromates andererseits. Diese Wechselbeziehungen wurden aufgrund eines vereinfachten Modells des Rückstoßprozesses erklärt. Der Isotopieeffekt, von dem bereits vorher im Falle der Alkalibromate berichtet wurde, konnte für alle untersuchten Bromate bestätigt werden. Die Ursache dieses Effekts wurde in Bezug auf das kürzlich entdeckte Isomere des ®^Br diskutiert.

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“…One of the major findings in these studies has been the recognition of 'Isotope effect' between 82 Br, 80m Br and 80 Br atoms [6][7][8][9]. Following the discovery of a new isomer of 82 Br (i 1/2 = 6.2 min) in 1965 [11,12], the interest in the field was renewed and various observations have been re-evaluated in the light of 82m Br (I. T.) 82 Br process. The collection behaviour of recoil bromine species and the 'isotope effect' between bromine atoms under thermal neutron activation of alkyl-bromide systems have been explained [6][7][8][9][10] in the light of charged-species produced following capture event [13 -15] and their subsequent neutralisation during transit through the medium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of ³⁸K Using the ³⁵Cl(α, n)³⁸K Reaction

Vandecasteele¹,

Vandewalle²,

Slegers³

1981

Radiochimica Acta

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The production of 3, K using the 3S Cl(o:, n) 3, K reaction is studied. The yield of 3 'K and of the interfering radionuclides produced upon irradiation of NaCl is determined as a function of the energy. Three kinds of targets were used: solid NaCl, a saturated NaCl solution and CC1 4 . The yields (at saturation) were resp. 2.45, < 0.54 and 3.2 mCi-μΑ-'. For the CC1 4 target, the 38 K is separated from CC1 4 by fixation on a cation exchanger followed by elution with a 0.9% NaCl solution. The radionuclidic purity was satisfactory for the three production methods. The CC1 4 -method was preferred since it is well suited for remote-control and can be repeated within a short time. Κ decays by positron emission with a 7.6 min half-life.It can be used [1, 2] for myocardial studies e. g. with computerised positron emission tomography. As shown in Table 1, several nuclear reactions can be used to produce 38 K. The first two reactions yield 38 Κ with low specific activity. The 40 Ar(p, 3n) 38 K reaction applied by LAMBRECHT et al.[1 ] has a yield of 5.2 mCi· μΑ" 1 for a proton energy of 32 MeV. Moreover the method developed is suitable for remote-control. Because of the high threshold energy, this reaction cannot be used with a compact cyclotron. The 40 Ca(d, α) 38 Κ reaction has also a good yield [3]. A chemical separation that lasts about 14 min is required to separate 38 Κ from coproduced Sc radionuclides. This results in a decrease of the 18 Κ activity to about 1 /4 of that at the end of the irradiation. Moreover the solid targetry and the chemical separation are not easily carried out by remote-control. The 35 CI (A, n) 38 K reaction was studied by TILBURY [4], At 15MeV the yield for a NaCl target was 0.58 mCi-μΑ" 1 . No data are available about the yield of the 35 Cl(a, n) 38 K reaction at higher energies and about the production of interfering radionuclides. The present paper gives this information. From these data practical production methods for 38 K with a compact cyclotron are deduced. These methods use resp. solid NaCl, a saturated NaCl solution and carbon tetrachloride as target. The method using carbon tetrachloride is easily carried out entirely remotecontrolled and can be repeated within a short time.Radiochimica Acta 29, 75-77 (1981) Recoil 82m Br atoms/' 2m Br isomer/(n, j) reaction in alkylbromides/' 2m Br isomer collection /Charged plate technique AbstractThe relatively simple 'Charged Plate Technique' is used for the identification of the short-lived nuclear isomer of bromine ( ,2m Br) produced by (n, y) process in alkyl bromide targets (bromoform and bromobenzene). The half-life of the collected radioactivity on either electrode corresponds to the reported value (6.2 min). The technique can be applied for enrichment and identification of short-lived nuclear species produced by nuclear transformations in non-ionic systems.

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A new isomer of bromine: 82mBr

Cited by 34 publications

References 1 publication

Szilard-Chalmers Effects in lodates and Periodates with ¹²⁷I and ¹²⁹I

Szilard-Chalmers Effects in lodates and Periodates with ¹²⁷I and ¹²⁹I

Chemical Effects of Neutron-Induced Nuclear Reactions in Halates and Related Compounds

Production of ³⁸K Using the ³⁵Cl(α, n)³⁸K Reaction

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A new isomer of bromine: 82mBr

Cited by 34 publications

References 1 publication

Szilard-Chalmers Effects in lodates and Periodates with 127I and 129I

Szilard-Chalmers Effects in lodates and Periodates with 127I and 129I

Chemical Effects of Neutron-Induced Nuclear Reactions in Halates and Related Compounds

Production of 38K Using the 35Cl(α, n)38K Reaction

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Szilard-Chalmers Effects in lodates and Periodates with ¹²⁷I and ¹²⁹I

Szilard-Chalmers Effects in lodates and Periodates with ¹²⁷I and ¹²⁹I

Production of ³⁸K Using the ³⁵Cl(α, n)³⁸K Reaction