A New Insight on the Role of the Cerebellum for Executive Functions and Emotion Processing in Adults

Beuriat, P.A.; Cohen-Zimerman, Shira; Smith, Gretchen N. L.; Gordon, Barry; Grafman, Jordan

doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.593490

Cited by 26 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…First, the brain-behavior relationship in SCA3 has not been comprehensively evaluated using MRI-based brain networks. We postulate that a distributed network, rather than an individual brain region such as the cerebellum, is responsible for the clinical syndrome in SCA3 (Beuriat et al, 2020;Spampinato et al, 2020). In support, the 3D-FD analysis showed that SCA3 neuropathology involves dissociation in the cerebellar-cerebral network (Huang et al, 2017;Jao et al, 2019b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…Likewise, disruption in the cerebellar-cerebral network and prefrontal-striatal circuit were involved in the cognitive impairment in SCA3 (Lindsay and Storey, 2017). In this case, the cerebellum serves as a hub in the network that prepares for neural processing to optimize the action sequencing on the EF task (Beuriat et al, 2020). Cerebellar degeneration compounds the EF impairment due to the frontal lobe atrophy in SCA3 patients (Klinke et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Its Clinical Correlation in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3: A Systematic Review

et al. 2022

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BackgroundSpinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is a complex cerebrocerebellar disease primarily characterized by ataxia symptoms alongside motor and cognitive impairments. The heterogeneous clinical presentation of SCA3 necessitates correlations between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and clinical findings in reflecting progressive disease changes. At present, an attempt to systematically examine the brain-behavior relationship in SCA3, specifically, the correlation between MRI and clinical findings, is lacking.ObjectiveWe investigated the association strength between MRI abnormality and each clinical symptom to understand the brain-behavior relationship in SCA3.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review on Medline and Scopus to review studies evaluating the brain MRI profile of SCA3 using structural MRI (volumetric, voxel-based morphometry, surface analysis), magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and diffusion tensor imaging, including their correlations with clinical outcomes.ResultsOf 1,767 articles identified, 29 articles met the eligibility criteria. According to the National Institutes of Health quality assessment tool for case-control studies, all articles were of excellent quality. This systematic review found that SCA3 neuropathology contributes to widespread brain degeneration, affecting the cerebellum and brainstem. The disease gradually impedes the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia in the late stages of SCA3. Most findings reported moderate correlations (r = 0.30–0.49) between MRI features in several regions and clinical findings. Regardless of the MRI techniques, most studies focused on the brainstem and cerebellum.ConclusionsClinical findings suggest that rather than individual brain regions, the connectivity between different brain regions in distributed networks (i.e., cerebellar-cerebral network) may be responsible for motor and neurocognitive function in SCA3. This review highlights the importance of evaluating the progressive changes of the cerebellar-cerebral networks in SCA3 patients, specifically the functional connectivity. Given the relative lack of knowledge about functional connectivity on SCA3, future studies should investigate possible functional connectivity abnormalities in SCA3 using fMRI.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Its Clinical Correlation in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3: A Systematic Review

et al. 2022

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“…Such an approach changed in the 1980s when research demonstrated that patients with cerebellar damage exhibited cognitive deficits (Schmahmann, 1991). Recently, much evidence has shown that the cerebellum affects not only visuospatial and verbal function, and declarative memory but also more complex behavior regulation processes, namely EF (Mak et al, 2016;Myers et al, 2017;Beuriat et al, 2020). A study found that patients with cerebellar infarction exhibited impaired cognitive function and had reduced fALFF values in the cerebellum compared to HC (Fan et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Integrity of Executive Control Network Contributed to Retained Executive Abilities in Mild Cognitive Impairment

Wan

Liu

Cheng

et al. 2021

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is considered to be a transitional state between normal aging and Alzheimer's dementia (AD). Recent studies have indicated that executive function (EF) declines during MCI. However, only a limited number of studies have investigated the neural basis of EF deficits in MCI. Herein, we investigate the changes of regional brain spontaneous activity and functional connectivity (FC) of the executive control network (ECN) between high EF and low EF groups.Methods: According to EF composite score (ADNI-EF) from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), we divided MCI into two groups, including the MCI-highEF group and MCI-lowEF group. Resting-state functional MRI was utilized to investigate the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) and ECN functional connectivity across 23 healthy controls (HC), 11 MCI-highEF, and 14 MCI-lowEF participants. Moreover, a partial correlation analysis was carried out to examine the relationship between altered fALFF or connectivity of the ECN and the ADNI-EF.Results: Compared to HC, the MCI-highEF participants demonstrated increased fALFF in the left superior temporal gyrus (STG), as well as decreased fALFF in the right precentral gyrus, right postcentral gyrus, and left middle frontal gyrus (MFG). The MCI-lowEF participants demonstrated increased fALFF in the cerebellar vermis and decreased fALFF in the left MFG. Additionally, compared to HC, the MCI-highEF participants indicated no significant difference in connectivity of the ECN. Furthermore, the MCI-lowEF participants showed increased ECN FC in the left cuneus and left MFG, as well as decreased ECN functional connectivity in the right parahippocampal gyrus (PHG). Notably, the altered fALFF in the left MFG was positively correlated to ADNI-EF, while the altered fALFF in cerebellar vermis is negatively correlated with ADNI-EF across the two MCI groups and the HC group. Altered ECN functional connectivity in the right PHG is negatively correlated to ADNI-EF, while altered ECN functional connectivity in the left cuneus is negatively correlated to ADNI-EF across the three groups.Conclusions: Our current study demonstrates the presence of different patterns of regional brain spontaneous activity and ECN FC in the MCI-highEF group and MCI-lowEF group. Furthermore, the ECN FC of the MCI-highEF group was not disrupted, which may contribute to retained EF in MCI.

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“…Indeed, it was reported that Cognitive but not affective ToM deficit was also related to working memory performance 64 . Our group has shown that the role of the cerebellum in executive function is supportive since it appears to primarily compute the motor component of working memory 47 . Also, in patients with cervical dystonia, it was reported that only cognitive ToM was impaired in those with tremor compared to those without motor impairment 65 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Neuroimaging assessment and image pre-processing were done using the same method described elsewhere 47 . Detail of the axial computed tomography (CT) acquisition is described in the e-methods.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of the role of the cerebellum in cognitive theory of mind using voxel-based lesion mapping

Beuriat

Cohen-Zimerman

Smith

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Theory of Mind (ToM) is a social-cognitive skill that allows the understanding of the intentions, beliefs, and desires of others. There is a distinction between affective and cognitive ToM, with evidence showing that these processes rely on partially distinct neural networks. The role of the cerebellum in social cognition has only been rarely explored. In this study, we tested whether the cerebellum is necessary for cognitive and affective ToM performance. We investigated adults with traumatic brain injury (n = 193) and healthy controls (n = 52) using voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping (VLSM) and by measuring the impact on functional connectivity. First, we observed that damage to the cerebellum affected pure Cognitive ToM processing. Further, we found a lateralization effect for the role of the cerebellum in cognitive ToM with participants with left cerebellar injury performing worse than those with right cerebellar injury. Both VLSM and standard statistical analysis provided evidence that left cerebellar Crus I and lobule VI contributed to ToM processing. Lastly, we found that disconnection of the left thalamic projection and the left fronto-striatal fasciculus was associated with poor cognitive ToM performance. Our study is the first to reveal direct causal neuropsychological evidence for a role of the cerebellum in some but not all types of ToM, processing. It reinforces the idea that social cognition relies on a complex network functionally connected through white matter pathways that include the cerebellum. It supports evidence that the neural networks underpinning the different types of ToM can be differentiated.

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A New Insight on the Role of the Cerebellum for Executive Functions and Emotion Processing in Adults

Cited by 26 publications

References 42 publications

Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Its Clinical Correlation in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3: A Systematic Review

Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Its Clinical Correlation in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3: A Systematic Review

Functional Integrity of Executive Control Network Contributed to Retained Executive Abilities in Mild Cognitive Impairment

Evidence of the role of the cerebellum in cognitive theory of mind using voxel-based lesion mapping

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