A New Insight Into The Huisgen Reaction: Heterogeneous Copper Catalyzed Azide‐Alkyne Cycloaddition for the Synthesis of 1,4‐Disubstituted Triazole (From 2018–2023)

Abstract

The Huisgen cycloaddition, often referred to as 1,3‐Dipolar cycloaddition, is a well‐established method for synthesizing 1,4‐disubstituted triazoles. Originally conducted under thermal conditions [3+2] cycloaddition reactions were limited by temperature, prolonged reaction time, and regioselectivity. The copper catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) has emerged as a prominent method for producing 1,2,3‐triazole with excellent yields and exceptional regioselectivity. Copper catalysts conventionally facilitate azide‐alkyne cycloadditions, but challenges include instability and recycling issues. In recent years, there has been a growing demand for heterogeneous catalysts in various chemical reactions. The present review covers recent advancements from year 2018 to 2023 in the field of click reactions for obtaining 1,2,3‐triazoles through Cu catalyzed 1,3‐dipolar azide‐alkyne cycloaddition and the properties of the catalyst, reaction conditions such as solvent, temperature, reaction time, and the impact of different heterogeneous copper catalysts on product yield.