A New Industry-Oriented Technique for the Wideband Characterization of Voltage Transformers

Crotti, G.; Giordano, D.; D’Avanzo, Giovanni; Letizia, Palma Sara; Luiso, Mario

doi:10.1016/j.measurement.2021.109674

Cited by 19 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The impact of nonlinear magnetic core characteristics on the IVT frequency response diminishes as the frequency increases [8,14,15]. With the increase of frequency, the effects of stray capacitances that exist inside the transformer between the transformer windings and between the winding and the earth become predominant.…”

Section: A Impact Of Nonlinearities On Inductive Voltage Transformer ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, the measurements are carried out at low voltage levels rather than at the IVT rated voltage level. In [15,[20][21][22], a LV sinusoidal frequency response based compensation technique known as SINDICOMP is used for IVT harmonic measurement error correction. The presented results show the successful implementation of this method for harmonic measurement error correction at lower order harmonic frequencies below the first resonance frequency point of the IVT.…”

Section: ) Ivt Frequency Response Models That Utilize Low Voltage Sin...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measurement Based Linear and Nonlinear Time Invariant Representations for High Voltage Inductive Transformer Frequency Response up to 10 kHz

Dewayalage,

Robinson,

Elphick

et al. 2024

IEEE Access

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This paper presents the details of the development, evaluation process, and results of linear and nonlinear time-invariant models used to represent the frequency response of inductive high-voltage instrument transformers. The study encompasses both sinusoidal and distorted quasi-sinusoidal test waveform conditions, focusing on harmonic voltage amplitude and phase-angle measurements up to 10 kHz. A linear time-invariant model was derived using a higher-order transfer-function estimation technique that minimized the least-squares error between the measured frequency response of the transformer and the estimated transfer function across harmonic orders ranging from 50 Hz to 10 kHz. Acknowledging the limited validity of the linear time-invariant model under multi-tone distorted waveform conditions, a nonlinear timeinvariant model employing a simplified Volterra series was introduced to represent the instrument transformer frequency response under multi-tone distorted waveform scenarios. The accuracy of both models was rigorously assessed using the experimental frequency responses obtained through sinusoidal lowvoltage-frequency sweep signals and multi-tone-distorted high-voltage waveforms. This study contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the behaviour of instrument transformers at high frequencies under different input voltage conditions, providing valuable insights into the accuracy of high-frequency harmonic measurements up to 10 kHz.INDEX TERMS Frequency domain analysis, frequency response, high-voltage techniques, instrument transformers, nonlinear systems, power quality, power system harmonics, transfer functions.

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Section: A Impact Of Nonlinearities On Inductive Voltage Transformer ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ) Ivt Frequency Response Models That Utilize Low Voltage Sin...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement Based Linear and Nonlinear Time Invariant Representations for High Voltage Inductive Transformer Frequency Response up to 10 kHz

Dewayalage,

Robinson,

Elphick

et al. 2024

IEEE Access

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show abstract

“…At present, there are few papers in the literature dealing with metrological performances of ITs used for PQ measurement. Some authors of this paper have already shown that the metrological performances of ITs in the presence of PQ phenomena can drastically change [ 30 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ].…”

Section: Analysis Of the Literature And Standards Regarding Its And P...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“… The test waveform should be complex because the error of ITs can be drastically increased when more PQ phenomena are superimposed to fundamental waveform. The simple and consolidated compensation techniques [ 33 , 34 , 35 ] present in the literature are ineffective when several PQ phenomena are superimposed to fundamental waveform. …”

Section: Analysis Of the Literature And Standards Regarding Its And P...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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How Instrument Transformers Influence Power Quality Measurements: A Proposal of Accuracy Verification Tests

Crotti

Chen

Çaycı

et al. 2022

Sensors

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The integration of renewable energy sources on a large scale in the electrical energy distribution systems, as well as the widespread of non-linear loads, has led to a significant increase in power quality (PQ) disturbances. For this reason, PQ monitoring is also becoming a key task in medium voltage (MV) grids. The measurement of PQ at MV levels can only be performed using instrument transformers (ITs) to scale down the level of voltage and current to levels suitable for the input stage of PQ instruments. However, no international standards currently require the verification of the errors introduced by ITs in the measurement of PQ phenomena. Moreover, this issue is only partially addressed in the scientific literature, where papers dealing with specific and limited aspects of the problem can be found. For this reason, this paper aims to comprehensively assess the issue, proposing IT accuracy verification tests for different PQ parameters. First, a set of PQ phenomena relevant for IT testing is chosen, as well as the associated ranges of variation, based on a review of the enforced standards and the scientific literature. For each selected PQ phenomenon, possible performance indices and test waveforms are proposed. Finally, the proposed procedure is validated by applying it to the characterization of two different types of commercial voltage transformers.

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Performance evaluation of instrument transformers in power quality measurements: activities and results from 19NRM05 IT4PQ project

Crotti,

Letizia,

Meyer

et al. 2023

27th International Conference on Electricity Distribution (CIRED 2023)

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The accuracy of power quality measurements relies on the use of common measurement procedures and traceable measurement systems, which necessarily include instrument transformers. The paper provides an overview of the progress achieved within the EU project 19NRM05 IT4PQ in developing the needed metrological framework, in terms of performance indexes to qualify the instrument transformers for PQ measurements, simplified testing procedures and set-ups, and quantification of their behaviour under multiple influence factors.

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A New Industry-Oriented Technique for the Wideband Characterization of Voltage Transformers

Cited by 19 publications

References 18 publications

Measurement Based Linear and Nonlinear Time Invariant Representations for High Voltage Inductive Transformer Frequency Response up to 10 kHz

Measurement Based Linear and Nonlinear Time Invariant Representations for High Voltage Inductive Transformer Frequency Response up to 10 kHz

How Instrument Transformers Influence Power Quality Measurements: A Proposal of Accuracy Verification Tests

Performance evaluation of instrument transformers in power quality measurements: activities and results from 19NRM05 IT4PQ project

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