A new hydrate deposition prediction model for gas-dominated systems with free water

Modelling hydrate deposition and sloughing in gas-dominant pipelines

“…The results show that the integrated model can provide a more accurate estimate of the pressure drop evolution at low subcooling than previous approaches based on continuous hydrate film growth [18,22], as, unlike previous models, it is capable of reproducing the observed sequence of sloughing events reasonably well, particularly considering its underlying simple assumptions. The hypothesis of a uniform two-film growth on the pipe wall represents only a first approximation to the structure and evolution of the hydrate deposit, which is governed by the combination of complex phenomena such kinetic growth at the pipe wall, particle deposition and sintering.…”

“…Recently Wang et al [21] formulated a model for hydrate formation and deposition in gas-dominated systems with free water, which was applied to the study of hydrate blockages in vertical gas wells. This model was later refined [22] to account for the effect of hydrate particle deposition from the gas stream through the introduction of an empirical parameter to better match the flow loop data of Di Lorenzo et al [17]. The models developed so far could only predict a continuous growth of the hydrate deposit over time (increasing pressure drop) and therefore are not applicable when sloughing is present.…”

Research on the heat and mass transfer mechanisms for growth of hydrate shell from gas bubbles

“…Gas hydrates are nonstoichiometric inclusion compounds formed by the mixture of gas and water under low temperature and high pressure conditions . The first industrial and theoretical research on hydrate was initiated in the early 20th century to investigate the problem of flow assurance in gas pipelines due to hydrate formation, precipitation, and blockage . With a better understanding of hydrate growth, the researchers found that gas hydrates could also form in porous formations, and the in‐situ natural gas hydrate is an important future green energy with huge reserves .…”

A numerical study on the non‐isothermal flow characteristics and hydrate risk of CO2 in buried transmission pipelines under the gas‐phase transportation mode

“…However, the formation of CO 2 hydrates becomes a major problem, affecting the safety of CO 2 pipeline transportation . The formation and deposition of hydrate shrinks the passageway of the airflow and reduces the transportation efficiency, and the huge volume of hydrate causes pipeline blockage and rupture accidents . Moreover, compared with natural gas, which is mainly composed of methane, CO 2 can form solid hydrates at relatively lower pressures and higher temperatures.…”

“…[14][15][16][17] The formation and deposition of hydrate shrinks the passageway of the airflow and reduces the transportation efficiency, and the huge volume of hydrate causes pipeline blockage and rupture accidents. [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] Moreover, compared with natural gas, which is mainly composed of methane, CO 2 can form solid hydrates at relatively lower pressures and higher temperatures. It seems that the hydrate risk in CO 2 pipelines is significantly more serious than that in natural gas pipelines.…”