A new horizon in needle-less anesthesia: Intranasal tetracaine/oxymetazoline spray for maxillary dental anesthesia - An overview

Xylometazoline and oxymetazoline - unusual effects of everyday drugs (literature review)

“…Nevertheless, the concept of intranasal anesthesia opens new horizons in needle-free anesthesia for restorative procedures of single teeth in the maxillary arch, especially in the anterior segment. [8] Among the novel trials of xylometazoline, it is worth mentioning the case of 2 patients with a history of long-term, uncontrolled, and unsupervised topical steroid use on the face. After applying xylometazoline to the face once daily for 2 weeks, improvement in redness and erythema was observed.…”

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The aim of the study is to systematize the knowledge about xylometazoline and oxymetazoline -commonly used nasal sprays with sympathicomimetic effect, mainly directly on α-adrenergic receptors [1]. A review of recent reports on possible side effects and new therapeutic options will be presented.Results: Over several years, reports have been published regarding descriptions of unusual cases of side effects, such as angina attack [4], a case of respiratory failure in a newborn [5], ischemic stroke [6], or anaphylactic reaction during routine surgery.

273In experiments using rats, on the other hand, it has been shown that these substances can also cause increased inflammation of the lower respiratory tract [7], as well as numerous ophthalmic problems [8].Recent reports also suggest new uses for xylometazoline and oxymetazoline. In combination with lidocaine, an intranasal solution of xylometazoline has shown efficacy in the anesthesia of maxillary teeth in patients with minor carious lesions [9], and a beneficial therapeutic combination of oxymetazoline and dye laser (PDL) has also been reported for the treatment of rosacea, among others [10].Conclusions: Although imidazoline derivatives were admitted to the drug list decades ago, still their pharmacological potential has not been fully exploited.

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“…In experiments using rats, on the other hand, it has been shown that these substances can also cause increased inflammation of the lower respiratory tract [7], as well as numerous ophthalmic problems [8].…”