A new highly sensitive point of care screen for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis using the leukocyte esterase method

Development of a new in situ hybridization method for the detection of global bacterial DNA to provide early evidence of a bacterial infection in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

“…However, these cytokines are generated by the host-reactions against inflammatory stimulations, thus these targets cannot directly demonstrate the bacterial infection of SBP. Moreover, the diagnostic accuracy of these methods has not yet been confirmed [2,22], although a new diagnostic method using the leukocyte esterase method was reported [23].…”

The ratio of calprotectin to total protein as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients with liver cirrhosis and ascites

“…In contrast, clinical diagnosis and systemic laboratory parameters are unreliable for diagnosis of SBP [7,8]. However, a differential cell count is not readily available in all clinical settings [9]. Nevertheless, a delay in establishing the diagnosis is associated with a poor prognosis [10].…”

“…However, a review of 19 studies found a poor sensitivity [11]. First results of a urinary reagent strip calibrated to ascites were promising [9], but have to be confirmed. An alternative approach is to detect proteins secreted by inflammatory cells into ascites.…”

Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis: Is It Still A Life-Threatening Issue in Cirrhosis?

“…Validity scores achievable were reported to be 100% sensitivity and 100% negative predictive value. However, this needs to be confirmed in further studies, but it could be an important tool for a bedside diagnosis of SBP if the results are confirmed [53] . Analyses of lactoferrin or serum procalcitonin is another measure that can be useful for the diagnosis of ascitic inflammatory activity, but initial results need reproduction in studies with greater number of subjects.…”