“…Metaheuristic-based algorithms for bandwidth reduction began to be proposed mainly in the 1990s [ 12 ]. As previously mentioned, since bandwidth reduction is a relevant problem in various scientific and engineering fields, practitioners have applied the best-known metaheuristics in the design of heuristics for bandwidth reduction [ 12 ], including tabu search [ 13 , 14 ], GRASP [ 15 ], genetic algorithm [ 16 , 17 ], ant colony optimization [ 6 , 7 , 18 – 21 ], particle swarm optimization [ 22 ], simulated annealing [ 23 , 24 ], variable neighbourhood search [ 25 ], genetic programming [ 26 – 28 ] and self-organizing maps [ 29 , 30 ].…”