A new global malaria eradication strategy

Feachem, Richard; Sabot, Oliver

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(08)60424-9

Cited by 165 publications

(129 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Malaria control has once again risen up the international agenda over the past decade, so much so that numerous countries have made elimination a national aim, and global eradication is being discussed once again (11,24). Since the GMEP, the concepts of receptivity and vulnerability have been used in assessing whether malaria elimination is feasible in an area (25), but attempts to quantify both have only recently been made (26).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

International population movements and regional Plasmodium falciparum malaria elimination strategies

Tatem

Smith

2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

153

161

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Calls for the eradication of malaria require the development of global and regional strategies based on a strong and consistent evidence base. Evidence from the previous global malaria eradication program and more recent transborder control campaigns have shown the importance of accounting for human movement in introducing infections to areas targeted for elimination. Here, census-based migration data were analyzed with network analysis tools, Plasmodium falciparum malaria transmission maps, and global population databases to map globally communities of countries linked by relatively high levels of infection movements. The likely principal sources and destinations of imported cases in each region were also mapped. Results indicate that certain groups of countries, such as those in West Africa and central Asia are much more strongly connected by relatively high levels of population and infection movement than others. In contrast, countries such as Ethiopia and Myanmar display significantly greater isolation in terms of likely infection movements in and out. The mapping here of both communities of countries linked by likely higher levels of infection movement, and "natural" migration boundaries that display reduced movement of people and infections between regions has practical utility. These maps can inform the design of malaria elimination strategies by identifying regional communities of countries afforded protection from recolonization by surrounding regions of reduced migration. For more isolated countries, a nationally focused control or elimination program is likely to stand a better chance of success than those receiving high levels of visitors and migrants from high-transmission regions.eradication | migration | network analysis | imported malaria | community detection

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

International population movements and regional Plasmodium falciparum malaria elimination strategies

Tatem

Smith

2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

153

161

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“…As a result, there has been an estimated 17% decline in the number of malaria cases and a 26% decrease in the malaria-specific child mortality rate globally between 2000 and 2011 [1]. In this optimistic climate, the African Union, at its third session of the Conference of Ministers of Health (Johannesburg, South Africa) in April 2007, advocated for eventual elimination of malaria from the continent [2]; this was followed by a call in October of the same year from Bill and Melinda Gates [201], with support from the WHO [3], for global malaria eradication. As of 2011, 36 of the 99 countries remaining with malaria transmission are pursuing elimination [4].…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The silent threat: asymptomatic parasitemia and malaria transmission

Lindblade

Steinhardt

Samuels

et al. 2013

Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy

442

472

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“…Encouragingly, in recent years, the global adoption of highly effective artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) as first-line treatments and the distribution of long-lasting insecticide-treated bednets have helped reduce the prevalence of malaria in many endemic settings (1). This recent success contributed to the launch in 2007 of a new campaign of malaria eradication (2). Clinical reports and mathematical models show that additional reductions in the incidence of disease can be achieved with interventions combining vector control approaches and treatments that not only cure patients but also decrease transmission (3).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative assessment of Plasmodium falciparum sexual development reveals potent transmission-blocking activity by methylene blue

Adjalley

Johnston

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

287

333

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Clinical studies and mathematical models predict that, to achieve malaria elimination, combination therapies will need to incorporate drugs that block the transmission of Plasmodium falciparum sexual stage parasites to mosquito vectors. Efforts to measure the activity of existing antimalarials on intraerythrocytic sexual stage gametocytes and identify transmission-blocking agents have, until now, been hindered by a lack of quantitative assays. Here, we report an experimental system using P. falciparum lines that stably express gametocyte-specific GFP-luciferase reporters, which enable the assessment of dose-and time-dependent drug action on gametocyte maturation and transmission. These studies reveal activity of the first-line antimalarial dihydroartemisinin and the partner drugs lumefantrine and pyronaridine against early gametocyte stages, along with moderate inhibition of mature gametocyte transmission to Anopheles mosquitoes. The other partner agents monodesethyl-amodiaquine and piperaquine showed activity only against immature gametocytes. Our data also identify methylene blue as a potent inhibitor of gametocyte development across all stages. This thiazine dye almost fully abolishes P. falciparum transmission to mosquitoes at concentrations readily achievable in humans, highlighting the potential of this chemical class to reduce the spread of malaria.artemisinin-based combination therapies | transfection

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A new global malaria eradication strategy

Cited by 165 publications

References 8 publications

International population movements and regional Plasmodium falciparum malaria elimination strategies

International population movements and regional Plasmodium falciparum malaria elimination strategies

The silent threat: asymptomatic parasitemia and malaria transmission

Quantitative assessment of Plasmodium falciparum sexual development reveals potent transmission-blocking activity by methylene blue

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