A New Genus, Shinobius, of the Japanese Pisaurid Spider(Araneae:Pisauridae).

On the Use of Ampullate Gland Silks by Wolf Spiders (Araneae, Lycosidae) for Attaching the Egg Sac to the Spinnerets and a Proposal for Defining Nubbins and Tartipores

“…With some exceptions, those spiders that typically carry their egg sacs using only their spinnerets belong to one of the following three lycosoid taxa: the family Lycosidae, the family Trechaleidae, or the subfamily Rhoicininae (with Shinobius considered a member of the latter taxon, Yaginuma 1991;Sierwald 1993). The familial placement of Rhoicininae is uncertain (Sierwald 1993;Carico 1993), but its members are currently listed in Trechaleidae (see Platnick 2002).…”

“…But while lycosid spiderlings climb onto the mother's abdomen during this period, trechaleid spiderlings and at least Shinobius spiderlings (among rhoicinines) climb onto the outside of the egg sac, which the female continues to carry. However, Yaginuma (1991), specifying two Arctosa and one Hygrolycosa species, reports that transport on the egg sac, rather than on the mother's abdomen, also occurs in some lycosids. In those instances in which trechaleid spiderlings have been observed on the mother's abdomen, this appears to be due to crowding on the egg sac with consequent spill-over (Carico 1993), just as lycosid spiderlings may spill over onto their mother's cephalothorax.…”