A New Genus of Andean Mimallonidae (Mimallonoidea), with the Descriptions of Four New Species

Hamilton

Kawahara

2018

Systematic Entomology

124

Mimallonidae, the sack-bearer moths, are a family of predominantly Neotropical moths containing nearly 300 described species. Mimallonidae feed on over 40 host plant families and are found in a variety of environments, but phylogenetic relationships of species within the family have never been investigated. We sequenced 515 loci using anchored hybrid enrichment target capture on ethanol-preserved and dried museum specimens, with dates of collection ranging from 1985 to 2017. We sampled 47 species, representing 32 of the 36 described mimallonid genera. By incorporating 19 dry museum specimens, and recovering an average of over 400 loci for each, we illustrate the utility of natural history collections in anchored hybrid enrichment-based phylogenomics.

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…We sampled one species, Roelmana pluridiscata (Dognin) comb.n. , that was hypothesized by St Laurent & Carvalho () to belong in Roelmana , and our phylogeny supports the inclusion of R. pluridiscata in Roelmana . This placement is also supported by the similarity of R. pluridiscata to R. maloba in male genitalia morphology.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Museum specimens provide phylogenomic data to resolve relationships of sack‐bearer moths (Lepidoptera,Mimallonoidea,Mimallonidae)

Hamilton

Kawahara

2018

Systematic Entomology

124

“…The larvae of C.rumina (Fig. 120) have been reared and photographed by Janzen and Hallwachs (2017), revealing morphology remarkably similar to various species of Lacosoma , two species of which have been reared by the first author (St Laurent and Carvalho 2017b, St Laurent et al 2017). In particular, the striated appearance of the head and prothoracic shield, as well as the less rugose anal plate are largely consistent with Lacosoma as opposed to the more uniform coloration and generally more robust anal shield of other groups such as Mimalloninae and Cicinninae.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…124 Isoscellaventana was treated as belonging to Psychocampa by Schaus (1928), Gaede (1931), and Becker (1996). St Laurent and Carvalho (2017b) recognized the distinctness of this species, as well as three additional similar new species, and therefore described a new genus in which to place them. St Laurent et al (2018a) included I.ecuadoriana in their phylogenetic analysis and found Isoscella to belong to a distinct lineage including several species also postulated by St Laurent and Carvalho (2017b) as probably belonging to Roelmana , the sister genus of Isoscella .…”

Section: Annotationsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Reclassification of the Sack-bearer Moths (Lepidoptera, Mimallonoidea, Mimallonidae)

Kawahara

2019

A backbone molecular phylogeny of Mimallonidae, based on 47 species and 515 loci, was recently published. That study resolved some of the major relationships in the family, but taxon sampling was limited and a classification of the family was not formally presented for all species. Here morphological phylogenetic analyses in parsimony and maximum likelihood (ML) frameworks were conducted that included 192 species and 55 morphological characters. A phylogenetic analysis was also conducted on the morphological dataset with a topological constraint based on the 515 locus tree from the previous study. Results show that nearly all species can be confidently placed in a genus using morphological phylogenetics. The presence of a frenulum, a character that was historically used to distinguish major groups of Mimallonidae, varies within and among genera. Based on our phylogenetic results, the classification of Mimallonidae is revised, which now includes 291 species in 41 genera. Descriptions of three new genera are included: Fatellallagen. n., Citrallagen. n., and Lepismallagen. n. The following taxonomic changes were made in the present article: 43 new/revived combinations (in Aceclostria Vuillot, Arcinnus Herbin, Bedosia Schaus, Bedosiallo St Laurent & Kawahara, Cicinnus Blanchard, Citralla, Druentica Strand, Fatellalla, Lacosoma Grote, Lepismalla, Mimallo Hübner, Procinnus Herbin, Psychocampa Grote, Roelmana Schaus, and Thaelia Herbin), two new species-level synonyms (melini Bryk is synonymized with viemanda Schaus, jaruga Jones is synonymized with hamata Walker), one revived synonymy (roscida Dognin is resynonymized with externa Moore), seven new statuses (in Druentica, Macessoga Schaus, and Trogoptera Herrich-Schäffer), six revived statuses (in Aceclostria, Cicinnus, Druentica, Psychocampa, and Zaphanta Dyar), and one new designation of nomen nudum. In order to alleviate nomenclatural problems, twelve lectotypes are designated (for Tolypidaamaryllis (Schaus), Trogopteraalthora Schaus, Adalgisacroesa Schaus, Alheitapulloides (Dognin), LacosomabriasiaSchaus, Lacosomadiederica Schaus, Lacosomaraydela Schaus, Psychocampalacuna (Schaus), Cicinnuscorallina Dognin, Cicinnuslatris Schaus, Cicinnussolvens Schaus, Cicinnustuisana Schaus) as well as a neotype for Mimallodespecta Walker (= Cicinnusdespecta). This paper also provides apomorphies for each genus and a morphological key to genera. Annotations are given to aid researchers in understanding all changes made herein, and images of male and female and their genitalia are present for nearly all type species.

“…was measured from the base of the forewing to the apex. We attempted to measure forewing length of up to 10 individuals per species (Table S3) though some taxa are rare in collections and fewer were measured; we then averaged the number, or we extracted average forewing lengths from published taxonomic revisions where sample sizes were considerably larger (St Laurent & Dombroskie, , ; Herbin, ; St Laurent, ; St Laurent & Mielke, , ; St Laurent & Carvalho, ; St Laurent & Herbin, ; St Laurent et al ., , b, ; St Laurent & Giusti, ; St Laurent & Kawahara, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new target capture phylogeny elucidates the systematics and evolution of wing coupling in sack‐bearer moths

Mielke²,

Herbin

et al. 2020

Systematic Entomology

The frenulum is a wing coupling structure that is found on the wings of most families of Lepidoptera. It is a single bristle or set of bristles that originate from the base of the hindwing that often interlocks with the forewing during flight. This wing coupling mechanism is thought to have been a major evolutionary innovation that allowed for enhanced flight in Lepidoptera. The sack-bearer moths (Mimallonidae) are unusual among Lepidoptera in that not all species within the family have a frenulum. We test the hypothesis that the frenulum is not necessary and is therefore lost in mimallonids that have longer male forewings, because such wings are perhaps better suited to be coupled by other means. To understand the evolution of the frenulum, we inferred the most taxonomically and genetically sampled anchored hybrid enrichment-based phylogeny of Mimallonidae, including 604 loci from all 41 genera and from 120 species, covering about 40% of the described species in the family. The maximum likelihood tree robustly supports major relationships within the family, and ancestral state reconstruction clearly recovers the frenulum as the plesiomorphic condition in Mimallonidae. Our results show that the frenulum is more often observed in species that have shorter, rather than longer, male forewings. The frenulum has historically been used as an important character for intrafamilial classification in Mimallonidae, but our results conclusively show that this character system is more variable than previously thought. Based on our results, we erect two new subfamilies, Roelofinae St Laurent & Kawahara, subfam.n. and Meneviinae St Laurent, Herbin, & Kawahara, subfam.n., for four genera previously considered incertae sedis. In the predominantly frenulum-lacking clade Cicinninae, we describe a new genus, Cerradocinnus St Laurent, Mielke, & Kawahara, gen.n., and the genus Gonogramma stat. rev. is revalidated to include many species previously placed in Cicinnus sensu lato. With these changes, Cicinnus can now be considered monophyletic. Thirty-three species are transferred to Gonogramma from Cicinnus sensu lato.This published work has been registered on Zoobank, http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid: zoobank.